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CSA 2010 Here's The Details It's Not Good

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COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY ANALYSIS 2010
SAFETY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (SMS) METHODOLOGY
Version 1.2
Revised March 2010
Prepared for: Prepared by:
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Systems Center
Washington, DC 20590 55 Broadway Cambridge, MA 02142
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 i
Preface
This report documents the Safety Measurement System (SMS) methodology developed to support the Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 (CSA 2010) Initiative for the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The SMS is one of the major tools for measuring the safety of individual motor carriers and Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) drivers. Such measures help identify and monitor safety problems as part of the CSA 2010 safety improvement process.
Many of the concepts used to construct the SMS originated from the SafeStat measurement system. SafeStat was developed at the U.S. Department of Transportation‘s John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (the Volpe Center) in Cambridge, MA, under a project plan agreement with the Federal Highway Administration‘s Office of Motor Carriers, FMCSA‘s predecessor. It was designed and tested under the Federal/State Performance & Registration Information Systems Management (PRISM) program in the mid 1990s. Since then, SafeStat has been implemented nationally to prioritize motor carriers for on-site Compliance Reviews (CRs). SafeStat output has been made available to the public via the Internet on the Analysis & Information (A&I) website at http://www.ai.fmcsa.dot.gov.
The SMS design builds on the lessons learned from developing and implementing SafeStat for CR prioritization. However, the SMS also incorporates new CSA 2010 requirements for identifying specific types of unsafe behaviors that the entities exhibit. A more specialized set of interventions will now address these unsafe behaviors and the system will also expand the use of on-road safety violation data. In January 2008, FMCSA started an Operational Model (OM) Test of the CSA 2010 Initiative, which includes using the SMS to identify and monitor unsafe carrier and CMV driver behavior. Version 1.2 of the Methodology incorporates feedback from the OM Test and was implemented in the OM Test in April 2009. This November revision further clarifies some of the SMS features originally documented in April 2009, but does not represent any changes to the methodology. Future SMS development will be part of a continuous improvement process based on results and feedback from this OM Test.
The Volpe Center Technical Project Manager for developing the SMS is David Madsen of the System Measurement and Analysis Division of the Center for Safety Management Systems. Eran Segev, also of the System Measurement and Analysis Division, headed the analysis leading to the SMS design and methodology. Further technical support was provided by the following Volpe Center staff: Lee Biernbaum, Gustaf Lawson, Richard (Kha) Nguyen, Amy Olanyk, and Jonathan Pearlman.
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 ii
Table of Contents
List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iii
Glossary ............................................................................................................................. iv
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1-1
2. Design of the SMS ..................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Description of BASICs and Crash Indicator ........................................................ 2-1
2.2 Data Sources ........................................................................................................ 2-2
2.3 Carrier BASICs Rankings in SMS ....................................................................... 2-3
2.4 SMS Design Features ........................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.1 Violation Severity .......................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.2 Crash Severity ................................................................................................ 2-4
2.4.3 Time Weights ................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.4 Normalization ................................................................................................ 2-4
2.4.5 Peer Groups .................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.6 Data Sufficiency............................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.7 Percentile Rank .............................................................................................. 2-5
2.5 Differences Between SafeStat and the SMS ........................................................ 2-5
3. CSMS Methodology .................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Assessment ........................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 3-3
3.2 Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Assessment .......... 3-3
3.2.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 3-4
3.2.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 3-5
3.3 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Assessment ............... 3-6
3.3.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 3-6
3.3.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 3-7
3.4 Crash Indicator Assessment ................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.1 Calculation of Crash Indicator Measure ........................................................ 3-9
3.4.2 Calculation of Crash Indicator Percentile Rank........................................... 3-10
4. DSMS Methodology .................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Assessment ........................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 4-2
4.1.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 4-2
4.2 Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Assessment .......... 4-3 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 iii
4.2.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 4-3
4.2.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 4-4
4.3 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Assessment ............... 4-5
4.3.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure ..................................................................... 4-5
4.3.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank.......................................................... 4-6
4.4 Crash Indicator Assessment ................................................................................. 4-7
4.4.1 Calculation of Crash Indicator Measure ........................................................ 4-7
4.4.2 Calculation of Crash Indicator Percentile Rank............................................. 4-8
5. Sample SMS Output .................................................................................................. 5-1
6. SMS Report – Summary/Next Steps ......................................................................... 6-1
Appendix A ..................................................................................................................... A-1
List of Figures
Figure 1-1. CSA 2010 Operational Model ...................................................................... 1-1
Figure 2-1. BASICs Ranking Process ............................................................................. 2-3
Figure 5-1. CSMS Screenshot......................................................................................... 5-2
Figure 5-2. DSMS Screenshot ........................................................................................ 5-3
List of Tables
Table 3-1. Peer Group Categories for Unsafe Driving and Controlled Substances/ Alcohol BASICs ............................................................................................ 3-3
Table 3-2. Peer Group Categories for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness BASICs .......................................................................................................... 3-5
Table 3-3. Peer Group Categories for Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASICs .......................................................................................................... 3-8
Table 3-4. Crash Severity Weights for Crash Indicator .................................................. 3-9
Table 3-5. Peer Group Categories for Crash Indicator ................................................. 3-10
Table 4-1. Peer Group Categories for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness BASICs .......................................................................................................... 4-5
Table 4-2. Peer Group Categories for Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASICs .......................................................................................................... 4-7
Table 4-3. Crash Severity Weights for Crash Indicator .................................................. 4-8 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 iv
Glossary
BASIC
Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories
CMV
Commercial Motor Vehicle
CR
Compliance Review
CRWG
Compliance Review Work Group
CSA 2010
Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010
CSMS
Carrier Safety Measurement System
DIR
Driver Information Resource
DSMS
Driver Safety Measurement System
FMCSA
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
FMCSR
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
HAZMAT
Hazardous Materials
HMR
Hazardous Materials Regulations
HOS
Hours-Of-Service
LTCCS
Large Truck Crash Causation Study
MCMIS
Motor Carrier Management Information System
MCSAP
Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program
NGA
National Governors Association
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board
OOS
Out-Of-Service
OM
Operational Model
PU
Power Unit
PRISM
Performance and Registration Information Systems Management
SafeStat
Motor Carrier Safety Status Measurement System
SEA
Safety Evaluation Area
SFD
Safety Fitness Determination
SMS
Safety Measurement System
USDOT
U.S. Department of Transportation
VSAS
Violation Severity Assessment Study
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 1-1
1. Introduction
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is developing a new OM through its Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 (CSA 2010) Initiative. The goal of CSA 2010 is to develop and implement more effective and efficient ways for FMCSA, its state partners, and the trucking industry to reduce CMV crashes, fatalities, and injuries. CSA 2010 will help FMCSA and its state partners to impact the safety behavior of more carriers and drivers, use continually improving data to better identify high-risk carriers and drivers, and apply a wider range of interventions to reduce high-risk behavior.1
As part of this effort, FMCSA has identified the attributes and components of a model for safety oversight that it considers ideal: flexibility, efficiency, effectiveness, innovation, and equitability. The CSA 2010 OM, shown below, features continuous monitoring and tracking of entities‘ safety performance. Entities may be either carriers or drivers. All entities found with problematic safety behavior will be subject to the intervention process.
Figure 1-1. CSA 2010 Operational Model
1 FMCSA CSA2010 website, http://csa2010.fmcsa.dot.gov FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 1-2
The Safety Measurement System
Within the CSA 2010 OM, the Safety Measurement System (SMS) quantifies the on-road safety performance of individual entities to: Identify entities for interventions. The SMS will be a key component in determining the inclusion of entities with significant safety problems into the CSA 2010 intervention process. Determine the specific safety problems an entity exhibits. The SMS allows enforcement officers to identify the specific safety problems the system highlights and to surgically address them through a tailored set of interventions. Monitor safety problems throughout the intervention process. The SMS will continuously monitor on-road performance to assess whether an entity‘s safety performance has improved enough for it to exit the intervention process, or if further intervention is warranted. Support FMCSA‘s Safety Fitness Determination (SFD). The SMS results will be an important factor in determining the safety fitness of entities. The SMS will identify the entities demonstrating the worst safety performance so they can be considered for an ―Unfit‖ safety determination.
In addition to supporting the CSA 2010 OM, the SMS results can provide other stakeholders with valuable safety information. The SMS results will be easily accessible via the Internet to encourage improvements in motor carrier safety. Findings from the SMS will allow the evaluated entities an assessment of their weaknesses in various safety areas. Thus, the SMS will empower carriers and other firms (e.g. shippers, insurers) involved with the motor carrier industry to make safety-based business decisions.
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-1
2. Design of the SMS
The SMS is a tool for assessing available roadside performance data. These data are used to rank entities‘ performance relative to their peers in any of six Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) as well as crash involvement (Crash Indicator). Law enforcement will use rankings within these BASICs and the Crash Indicator to select entities for appropriate interventions.
2.1 Description of BASICs and Crash Indicator
The CSA 2010 team developed the BASICs under the premise that CMV crashes can be traced to the behavior of motor carriers and/or drivers. The behavior categories are derived based on information from a number of sources: Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS);2 CSA 2010 Driver History Study; the existing FMCSA regulatory structure; and analysis conducted under FMCSA‘s Compliance Review Workgroup (CRWG), the predecessor to CSA 2010. The BASICs are defined as follows: Unsafe Driving BASIC—Operation of CMVs in a dangerous or careless manner. Example violations: speeding, reckless driving, improper lane change, and inattention. Fatigued Driving (Hours-Of-Service) BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are ill, fatigued, or in non-compliance with the Hours-Of-Service (HOS) regulations. This BASIC includes violations of regulations surrounding the complete and accurate recording of logbooks as they relate to HOS requirements and the management of CMV driver fatigue. Instances related to the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC are distinguished from incidents where unconsciousness or an inability to react is brought about by the use of alcohol, drugs, or other controlled substances. Example violations: HOS, logbook, and operating a CMV while ill or fatigued. Driver Fitness BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are unfit to operate a CMV due to lack of training, experience, or medical qualifications. Example violations: failing to have a valid and appropriate commercial driver's license and being medically unqualified to operate a CMV. Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are impaired due to alcohol, illegal drugs, and misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Example violations: use or possession of controlled substances or alcohol. Vehicle Maintenance BASIC—Failure to properly maintain a CMV. Example violations: brakes, lights, and other mechanical defects, and failure to make required repairs.
2 Daniel Blower and Kenneth L. Campbell, Large Truck Crash Causation Study Analysis Brief, February 2005. Available: http://www.ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/ltccs/ FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-2
Cargo-Related BASIC—Failure to properly prevent shifting loads, spilled or dropped cargo, and unsafe handling of hazardous materials on a CMV. Example violations: improper load securement, cargo retention, and hazardous material handling.
Additionally, the SMS evaluates an entity‘s crash history relative to its peers. Crash history is not specifically a behavior. Rather, it is a consequence of a behavior and may indicate a problem with the entity that warrants intervention. The Crash Indicator is defined as follows: Crash Indicator—Histories or patterns of high crash involvement, including frequency and severity. It is based on information from state-reported crash reports.
The SMS will initially focus on the two types of entities most likely to impact the BASICs and Crash Indicator: motor carriers and CMV drivers. Therefore, two measurement systems are being designed for CSA 2010: Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Driver Safety Measurement Systems (DSMS)
2.2 Data Sources
Both CSMS and DSMS assess an individual entity‘s performance by BASIC and Crash Indicators calculated from information collected during on-road safety inspections and state-reported CMV crash records. These data are recorded in the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS). In addition, motor carrier Census data, also recorded in MCMIS, are used for the identification and normalization of safety-event data. Below are more detailed descriptions of each data source: Roadside Inspections are examinations a Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) inspector conducts on individual CMVs and drivers to determine if they are in compliance with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and/or Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMRs). Inspection data are taken from MCMIS. Violations are recorded during inspections and are entered into the MCMIS database. A subset of these violations results in driver or vehicle Out-of-Service (OOS) orders. These OOS violations must be corrected before the affected driver or vehicle is allowed to return to service.3
Note: Some roadside inspections are performed following a traffic enforcement stop for a moving violation. Violations reported during such stops do not always result in the issuance of a citation to the driver, but are used in the SMS whether or not a citation is issued.
3 Only pre-existing violations from post-crash inspections are used in the SMS. Violations recorded in MCMIS as being attributed to the crash are not used. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-3
State-Reported Commercial Vehicle Crash Data are taken from MCMIS and provide information on crashes as reported by state and local police officials. The reporting of these crashes follows National Governors Association (NGA) standards. Motor Carrier Census Data are first collected when a carrier obtains a USDOT number. FMCSA records this information in MCMIS and updates it during CRs, during CMV registration in states participating in Performance and Registration Information Systems Management (PRISM) Program, and upon request by the motor carrier. The CSMS uses Census data for identification and normalization of safety-related data. Examples of Census data include number of Power Units (PUs), physical location, current status, and type of cargo.
2.3 Carrier BASICs Rankings in SMS
Four principal steps are used to assess an entity‘s performance in each BASIC and the Crash Indicator. First, relevant inspection, violation, and crash data obtained from MCMIS are attributed to an entity to create a safety event history for the entity. Each entity‘s violations are classified into a BASIC and are then time weighted, severity weighted, and normalized to form a quantifiable measure for an entity in each BASIC. Based on a comparison of each entity‘s BASIC measure to those of its peers, a rank and percentile are assigned. These steps are illustrated in Figure 2-1. The SMS applies similar steps to crash data to calculate carrier Crash Indicator percentiles.
Safety Events by EntityBASIC DataRank/PercentileBASIC Measures
Figure 2-1. BASICs Ranking Process
2.4 SMS Design Features
The conversion of an entity‘s safety data into a BASIC measure, rank, and percentile involves the application of several SMS design features as discussed below.
2.4.1 Violation Severity
All roadside inspection violations that pertain to a BASIC are assigned severity weights that reflect their association with crash occurrence and crash consequences. The severity weights help differentiate the levels of crash risk associated with the various violations attributed to each BASIC. The violation severity weights are assigned on a 1 to 10 scale, where 1 represents the lowest crash risk and 10 represents the highest crash risk relative
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-4
to the other violations in the BASIC. Within certain BASICs, additional severity weight is applied to violations that resulted in driver or vehicle OOS orders. The severity weighting is based on analysis that quantified the extent of these associations between violation and crash risk, as well as on input from enforcement subject matter experts. Because the weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each particular BASIC, they cannot be compared meaningfully across the various BASICs. See Appendix A for more information about the severity weights.
2.4.2 Crash Severity
Crashes are assigned severity weights according to their impact. Greater weight is attributed to crashes involving injuries, fatalities, and/or crashes involving the release of hazardous materials than to crashes only resulting in a vehicle tow-away.
2.4.3 Time Weights
All safety events are assigned a time weight. The time weight of an event decreases with time. This decline results in more recent events having a greater impact on an entity‘s BASIC and Crash Indicator measures than events from the more distant past. Beyond a prescribed cutoff date, discussed in more detail below for driver and carrier measures, older events are assumed irrelevant and no longer used.
2.4.4 Normalization
When appropriate, BASIC and Crash Indicator measures are normalized to reflect differences in exposure among entities. The normalization approach varies depending on what is being measured.
The SMS normalizes for the number of driver inspections with driver-related BASICs, whereas vehicle inspections are used for normalization within vehicle-related BASICs. Therefore, the number of driver inspections normalizes the Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness measures, while the number of vehicle inspections normalizes the Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related measures.
While violations of the above BASICs are discovered during an inspection, a distinction is made for behaviors that may trigger an inspection. For this reason, the CSMS normalizes the Unsafe Driving, Controlled Substances/Alcohol, and Crash Indicator measures by carrier size (i.e., average number of PUs), instead of by number of inspections.
2.4.5 Peer Groups
To further account for the differences among carriers or drivers, the CSMS places carriers in peer groups with similar exposure. This tiered approach accounts for the inherent greater variability in rates based on small samples or limited levels of exposure and the stronger level of confidence in measures based on larger levels of exposure. The peer grouping also allows the CSMS to handle the widely diverse motor carrier population, while ensuring that similarly situated carriers are treated with the same standards.
2.4.6 Data Sufficiency
The SMS employs data sufficiency standards to ensure that there are enough inspections or crashes to produce meaningful measures of safety. In instances where the safety FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-5
performance of an entity can potentially lead to incursion of CSA 2010 interventions or detrimental SFD outcome, additional data sufficiency tests are employed. These tests ensure a ―critical mass‖ of poor performance data or a pattern of violations before adverse action is taken upon an entity.
2.4.7 Percentile Rank
The SMS uses the measures to assign a percentile ranking for all entities within each BASIC and the Crash Indicator. Each measure is a quantifiable determination of safety behavior. Percentile ranking allows the safety behavior of an entity to be compared with the safety behavior of its peers. Within each peer group, a percentile is computed on a 0 –100 scale for each entity that receives a non-zero measure, with 100 indicating the worst performance.
Entities with percentiles above a certain threshold and meeting minimum data sufficiency requirements in a BASIC or Crash Indicator can be deemed poor safety performers. These entities will be identified for CSA 2010‘s Intervention process.
2.5 Differences Between SafeStat and the SMS
The SMS offers several improvements over FMCSA‘s existing carrier measurement system, SafeStat. Some of the key differences are listed below.
The SMS is organized by specific behaviors whereas SafeStat is organized into four general Safety Evaluations Areas (SEAs).
SafeStat assesses carriers in four Safety Evaluation Areas (SEAs)—Accident, Driver, Vehicle, and Safety Management—whereas the SMS measures each entity in six behavioral categories (i.e., the BASICs) and the Crash Indicator. The specific behavioral metrics in the SMS provide a more detailed level of measurement that can be used to describe, evaluate, and address entity safety. For example, SafeStat indicates that an entity has general driver issues according to its Driver SEA value, while the SMS provides information on the specific driver behavior (i.e., Drug/Alcohol, Fatigued Driving (HOS), Unsafe Driving, and Driver Fitness) that needs modification and/or attention. The more specific organization of the SMS‘s BASICs often allows the discovery of serious safety problems that go undetected under SafeStat‘s more generalized SEA structure. This is particularly important for BASICs related to driver behavior given that recent research (e.g. the LTCCS) has highlighted driver behavior as increasingly relevant to crash occurrence.
The SMS identifies specific safety problems so that CSA 2010 interventions can address them in a surgical manner; the SafeStat score is based on grouping safety problems together to identify carriers for a one-size-fits-all CR.
Through the measurement of an entity‘s safety performance by behavior, and the targeting of an intervention to the entity‘s specific behavior, the CSA 2010 OM provides an integrated approach to measuring and improving CMV safety. The alignment of both the SMS and intervention selection through BASICs and the Crash Indicator allows FMCSA to identify both the entity for intervention as well as the specific safety problem
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-6
that should be surgically addressed. This approach will lead to more efficient and effective use of enforcement resources directed towards improving motor carrier safety.
The SMS uses all safety-based inspection violations while SafeStat uses only OOS violations and selected moving violations from inspections.
The inclusion of all safety-based inspection violations in the SMS fully leverages the results of the roadside inspection program (3.3 million inspections annually) and provides a more comprehensive evaluation of an entity‘s on-road safety performance.
The SMS utilizes risk-based violation weightings while SafeStat does not.
Although the SMS utilizes all safety-based inspection violations in the SMS, it is recognized that not all violations pose the same crash risk. Therefore, violations in the SMS are weighted, to the extent possible, according to the probability that the violation may cause, contribute to, or exacerbate the outcome of CMV crash. Violations shown to have a larger impact on crash risk will have a stronger detrimental impact on an entity‘s BASIC measure. The risk-based weighting of violations will provide a risk-based assessment of an entity‘s performance in each BASIC.
The SMS feeds the Safety Fitness Determination (SFD) of an entity while SafeStat has no impact on an entity’s safety rating.
Currently SafeStat prioritizes carriers for CRs. Based strictly on the results of the CR, FMCSA provides a SFD in the form of a safety rating to a carrier. Under CSA 2010, FMCSA will consider the results of the SMS along with the results of interventions in generating a carrier‘s SFD. With this approach, all violations can be considered when determining safety fitness, not just the more severe ones from CRs as is now done with SFD. CSMS results can impact the SFD in two ways. First, poor CSMS results can trigger further examination through the CSA 2010 Intervention Process. Major violations found during the Intervention Process can adversely impact a carrier‘s SFD. Secondly, the SFD can be calculated solely on the basis of on-road performance by comparing a carrier‘s absolute BASIC measures, not relative percentiles, to a pre-set BASIC measurement standard. Adverse SFD can occur when a carrier‘s measures do not meet or exceed the standard. This new SFD procedure places strong emphasis on carrier on-road performance in determining overall carrier safety fitness. This approach addresses one of the National Transportation Safety Board‘s (NTSB) long-standing recommendations that a carrier‘s poor on-road performance alone should have a detrimental impact on its SFD.
The SMS assesses individual drivers and carriers while SafeStat assesses only carriers.
Currently, most of the focus of FMCSA safety programs and enforcement has been on motor carriers. In the future, the DSMS will allow FMCSA to identify unsafe drivers for interventions based on their inspection and crash history across all employers (former and current). Given the often transient nature of driver employment, the DSMS will be a valuable tool for FMCSA to address driver-specific problems that cannot be easily FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 2-7
handled at the motor carrier level. The DSMS may eventually be a valuable tool for motor carriers to monitor their own drivers and assess prospective hires. These efforts will encourage safe and compliant behavior among CMV drivers and will enable carriers to consider drivers‘ safety histories when making hiring decisions.
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 3-1
3. CSMS Methodology
The following sections describe the algorithms used in the CSMS methodology and the computational logic used to calculate the measurement and percentile of each BASIC and the Crash Indicator for individual motor carriers. BASICs evaluated in a very similar manner have been grouped together as shown below. Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Crash Indicator
3.1 Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Unsafe Driving BASIC and the Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Unsafe Driving BASIC—Operation of CMVs in a dangerous or careless manner. Example violations: speeding, reckless driving, improper lane change, and inattention. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS. Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers cited in roadside inspections for impairment due to alcohol, illegal drugs, and misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Example violations: use or possession of controlled substances or alcohol. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS.
The CSMS assesses both the Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC by using relevant violations of FMCSRs recorded during roadside inspections and reported in MCMIS. Individual carriers‘ BASIC measures also incorporate carrier size. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect each carrier‘s driver safety posture relative to its peers.
3.1.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The BASIC measures for the Unsafe Driving and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASICs were calculated as the sum of severity and time weighted applicable violations divided by carrier average PUs, as follows:
PUscarrierofmeasureAverageviolationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 3-1 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 3-2
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is defined as any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSR and HMR cites listed for Unsafe Driving (Table 1, Appendix A) and Controlled Substances/Alcohol (Table 2, Appendix A) during the past 24 months. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the CSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection.
Note: Some roadside inspections are performed following a traffic enforcement stop for a moving violation. Violations reported during such stops do not always result in the issuance of a citation to the driver, but are used in the SMS whether or not a citation is issued.
A Severity Weight from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe) is assigned to each applicable violation. See the Unsafe Driving Table (Table 1, Appendix A) and the Controlled Substance and Alcohol Table (Table 2, Appendix A) for the severity weights corresponding to each violation. The severity weighting of each violation cite accounts for the level of crash risk relative to the other violation cites used in the BASIC measurement. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation based on how long ago it was recorded. Violations recorded in the past 6 months receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 6 and 12 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 12 months but within the past 24 months) receive a time weight of 1. This time weighting places more emphasis on recent violations relative to older violations.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
Average Power Units (PUs) is used to account for each carrier‘s level of exposure when calculating the BASIC measure. The BASIC violations are normalized by the number of owned, term-leased, and trip-leased PUs (trucks, tractors, hazardous-material tank trucks, motor coaches, and school buses) contained in the Census data. The primary sources of PU information in the Census are Forms MCS-150 and MCS-151. Carriers are required to update their MCS-150 information biennially. The average PUs for each carrier is calculated using (i) the carrier‘s current number of PUs, (ii) the number of PUs the carrier had in the middle of the first time period (i.e. 18 months ago), and (iii) the number of PUs the carrier had in the middle of the second time period (i.e. 6 months ago). The average PU calculation is shown below:
3)18()6()()(MonthsPUMonthsPUcurrentPUaveragePU
Equation 3-2 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 3-3
3.1.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the CSMS applies data sufficiency standards and peer grouping to assign a percentile rank to carriers that can then potentially receive a CSA 2010 intervention or detrimental SFD. The calculation is as follows:
A. Determine the total number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. For the Unsafe Driving BASIC, remove carriers with less than three such inspections. For the Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC, remove carriers with no violations in this BASIC. For the remaining carriers, place each carrier into one of five groups based on its average PU size:
Peer Group Category Average Number of Power Units (PUs)
1
0 < PU <= 5
2
5 < PU <= 15
3
15 < PU <= 50
4
50 < PU <= 500
5
500 < PU
Table 3-1. Peer Group Categories for Unsafe Driving and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASICs
B. Within each group, rank all the carriers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure). Eliminate carriers whose violations in the BASIC are all older than twelve months. Then, assign the percentile values to the remaining carriers.
3.2 Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and the Driver Fitness BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers ill, fatigued, or in non-compliance with the Hours-Of-Service (HOS) regulations. This BASIC includes violations of regulations surrounding the complete and accurate recording of logbooks as they relate to HOS requirements and the management of CMV driver fatigue. Instances related to the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC are distinguished from incidents where unconsciousness or an inability to react is brought about by the use of alcohol, drugs, or other controlled substances. Example violations include: HOS, logbook, and operating a CMV while ill or fatigued. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 3-4
Driver Fitness BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are unfit to operate a CMV due to lack of training, experience, or medical qualifications. Example violations: failing to have a valid and appropriate commercial driver's license and being medically unqualified to operate a CMV. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS.
The CSMS assesses both the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC using relevant violations recorded during roadside inspections to calculate a measure of each BASIC for individual motor carriers. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect each carrier‘s driver safety posture relative to its peers.
3.2.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The equation used for calculating the BASIC measure for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness is as follows:
sinspectionrelevantweightedtimeofNumberviolationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 3-3
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSRs and HMRs listed for Fatigued Driving (Table 3, Appendix A) and Driver Fitness (Table 4, Appendix A) during the past 24 months. The CSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection in cases of multiple counts of the same violation.
A Relevant Inspection is any Driver Inspection (Level 1, 2, 3 or 6), including those that do not result in a violation in the BASIC, or any other inspection resulting in applicable BASIC violation.
A Severity Weight is assigned to each applicable violation, with a value dependent on two parts: (i) the level of crash risk relative to the other violations comprising the BASIC measurement, and (ii) whether or not the violation resulted in an OOS condition. The level of crash risk is assigned to each applicable violation ranging from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe); see the Fatigued Driving (HOS) Table (Table 3, Appendix A) and the Driver Fitness Table (Table 4, Appendix A) for the violations‘ corresponding severity weights. An OOS weight of 2 is then added to the severity weight of OOS violations. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the OOS weight of 2 applies if any of the counts of the violation are OOS. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation and each relevant inspection based on its age. Violations recorded in the past 6 months
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receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 6 and 12 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 12 months but within the past 24 months) receive a time weight of 1. Using the exact same time weight scheme, time weights are assigned to each relevant inspection, regardless of whether or not an inspection yielded an applicable violation. This time weighting places more emphasis on results of recent inspections relative to older inspections.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
3.2.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the CSMS applies data sufficiency standards and peer grouping to assign a percentile rank to carriers that can then potentially receive a CSA 2010 intervention or detrimental SFD. The calculation is as follows:
A. Determine the total number of relevant inspections and number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. For the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC, remove carriers with (1) less than three relevant driver inspections or (2) no inspections resulting in at least one BASIC violation. For the Driver Fitness BASIC, remove carriers with (1) less than five relevant driver inspections or (2) no inspections resulting in at least one BASIC violation. For the remaining carriers, place each carrier into one of five groups based on the number of relevant inspections:
Peer Group Category Number of Relevant Inspections
1
3-10 (Fatigue); 5-10 (Fitness)
2
11-20
3
21-100
4
101-500
5
501+
Table 3-2. Peer Group Categories for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness BASICs
B. Within each group, rank all the carriers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure). Eliminate carriers that meet the following criteria: (i) no violation was recorded in the BASIC during the previous twelve months, and (ii) no violation in the BASIC was recorded during the latest relevant inspection. For remaining carriers with three or more relevant inspections resulting in a
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March 2010 3-6
Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC violation, assign the percentile values to each carrier. For the remaining carriers with five or more relevant inspections resulting in a Driver Fitness violation, assign the percentile values to each carrier.
3.3 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and the Cargo-Related BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Vehicle Maintenance BASIC— Failure to properly maintain a CMV. Example violations: brakes, lights, and other mechanical defects, and failure to make required repairs. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS. Cargo-Related BASIC— Failure to properly prevent shifting loads, spilled or dropped cargo, and unsafe handling of hazardous materials on a CMV. Example violations: improper load securement, cargo retention, and hazardous material handling. See Appendix A for a complete list of roadside inspection violations used in the SMS.
The CSMS assesses both the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and the Cargo-Related BASIC using relevant violations recorded during roadside inspections to calculate a measure of each BASIC for individual motor carriers. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect each carrier‘s safety posture relative to its peers.
3.3.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The equation used for calculating the BASIC measure for Vehicle Maintenance as well as Cargo-Related is as follows:
sinspectionrelevantweightedtimeofNumberviolationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 3-4
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is defined as any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSR and HMR cites listed for Vehicle Maintenance (Table 5, Appendix A) and Cargo-Related (Table 6, Appendix A) during the past 24 months. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the CSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection.
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A Relevant Inspection is any Vehicle Inspection (Level 1, 2, 5 or 6), including those that do not result in a violation in the BASIC, or any other inspection resulting in applicable BASIC violation.
A Severity Weight is assigned to each applicable violation with a value dependent on two parts: (i) the level of crash risk relative to the other violation cites used in the BASIC measurement, and (ii) whether or not the violation resulted in an OOS condition. The level of crash risk is assigned to each applicable violation ranging from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe); see the Vehicle Maintenance Table (Table 5, Appendix A) and the Cargo-Related (Table 6, Appendix A) for the corresponding severity weights of each violation cite. An OOS weight of 2 is then added to the severity weight of OOS violations. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the OOS weight of 2 applies if any of the counts of the violation are OOS. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation and each relevant inspection based on its age. Violations recorded in the past 6 months receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 6 and 12 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 12 months but within the past 24 months) receive a time weight of 1. Using the exact same time weight scheme, time weights are assigned to each relevant inspection, regardless of whether or not an inspection yielded an applicable violation. This time weighting places more emphasis on results of recent inspections relative to older inspections.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
3.3.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the CSMS applies data sufficiency standards and peer grouping to assign a percentile rank to carriers that can then potentially receive a CSA 2010 intervention or detrimental SFD. The calculation is as follows:
A. Determine the total number of relevant vehicle inspections and the number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. Remove carriers with (1) less than five relevant inspections or (2) no inspections resulting in at least one BASIC violation. For the remaining carriers, place each carrier into one of five groups based on the number of relevant inspections:
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Peer Group Category Number of Relevant Inspections
1
5-10
2
11-20
3
21-100
4
101-500
5
501+
Table 3-3. Peer Group Categories for Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASICs
B. Within each group, rank all the carriers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure). Eliminate carriers that meet the following criteria: (i) no violation was recorded in the BASIC during the previous twelve months, and (ii) no violation in the BASIC was recorded during the latest relevant inspection. For the remaining carriers with five or more relevant inspections resulting in a BASIC violation, assign the percentiles to each carrier.
3.4 Crash Indicator Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Crash Indicator. The definition of the Crash Indicator is as follows: Crash Indicator—Histories or patterns of high crash involvement, including frequency and severity, based on information from state-reported crash reports.
Although the BASICs are used to measure an entity‘s behaviors, the crash history utilized by the Crash Indicator is not specifically a behavior; instead, it is the consequence of behavior and may indicate a problem with the entity that warrants intervention.
The CSMS assesses the Crash Indicator using relevant state-reported crash data and the size of the carrier to evaluate an entity‘s crash history relative to its peers and to calculate a measure of the indicator for individual motor carriers. This measure is used to generate percentile ranks that reflect each carrier‘s crash posture relative to its peers. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 3-9
3.4.1 Calculation of Crash Indicator Measure
The equation used for calculating the Crash Indicator measure is as follows:
unitspowercarrierofmeasureAveragecrashesapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureIndicatorCrash
Equation 3-5
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Crash is a state-reported crash that meets the reportable crash standard during the past 24 months. A reportable crash is one that results in at least one fatality; one injury where the injured person is taken to a medical facility for immediate medical attention; or, one vehicle having been towed from the scene (i.e. tow-away) as a result of disabling damage caused by the crash.
Crash Severity Weight places more weight on crashes with more severe consequences. For example, a crash involving an injury or fatality is weighted more heavily than a crash where only a tow-away occurred. A hazmat release also increases the weighting of a crash, as shown in Table 3-4.
Crash Type Crash Severity Weight
Involves tow-away but no injury or fatality
1
Involves injury or fatality
2
Involves a hazmat release
Crash Severity Weight (from above) + 1
Table 3-4. Crash Severity Weights for Crash Indicator
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable crash based on the time elapsed since it occurred. Crashes that occurred in the past 6 months receive a time weight of 3. Crashes that occurred between 6 and 12 months prior to the measurement date receive a time weight of 2. All crashes that happened later (older than 12 months but within the past 24 months) receive a time weight of 1. This time weighting places more emphasis on recent crashes relative to older crashes.
Time and Severity Weighted Crash is a crash‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
Average Power Units (PUs) is used to account for a carrier‘s level of exposure when calculating the Crash Indicator measure. The number of CMVs involved in
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March 2010 3-10
applicable crashes is normalized by the number of owned, term-leased, and trip-leased PUs (trucks, tractors, hazardous-material tank trucks, motor coaches, and school buses) contained in the Census data. The primary sources of PU information in the Census are Forms MCS-150 and MCS-151. Carriers are required to update their MCS-150 information biennially. Carrier average PUs are calculated by using the current number of PUs and the number of PUs a carrier had in the middle of each of the two time periods:
3)18()6()()(MonthsPUMonthsPUcurrentPUaveragePU
Equation 3-6
3.4.2 Calculation of Crash Indicator Percentile Rank
Based on the Crash Indicator measures, the CSMS applies data sufficiency standards and peer grouping to assign a percentile rank to carriers that can potentially receive a CSA 2010 intervention. The calculation is as follows:
A. For carriers with two or more applicable crashes, place each carrier into one of five groups based on its average PU size:
Peer Group Category Average Number of Power Units (PUs)
1
0 < PU <= 5
2
5 < PU <= 15
3
15 < PU <= 50
4
50 < PU <= 500
5
500 < PU
Table 3-5. Peer Group Categories for Crash Indicator
B. Within each group, rank all the carriers‘ Crash Indicator measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest indicator measure) to 100 (representing the highest indicator measure). Eliminate carriers that did not have a crash recorded in the previous twelve months. Then, assign the percentile values to all remaining carriers. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-1
4. DSMS Methodology
The DSMS is the second major component of the SMS, along with the CSMS. Law enforcement officials use the DSMS results to examine the safety performance of individual CMV drivers when conducting CSA 2010 investigations. Currently, the DSMS results are being used strictly as an investigative tool for law enforcement and are not available to carriers, drivers, or the public. However, the raw safety information from roadside inspections and crashes that feeds the DSMS is compiled by the same system that will provide CMV driver-based data to FMCSA‘s Driver Pre-Employment Screening Program (PSP). This new program will allow motor carriers to access driver inspection and crash records electronically as a part of the hiring process.4
This section describes the algorithms used in the DSMS methodology and the computational logic used to calculate the driver measures and percentiles for each BASIC and the Crash Indicator for individual CMV drivers. BASICs that are evaluated similarly are described together. Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Crash Indicator
4.1 Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Unsafe Driving BASIC and the Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Unsafe Driving BASIC—Operation of CMVs in a dangerous or careless manner. Example violations: speeding, reckless driving, improper lane change, and inattention. Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are impaired due to alcohol, illegal drugs, and misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Example violations: use or possession of controlled substances or alcohol.
The DSMS assesses both the Unsafe Driving BASIC and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC by using applicable violations recorded during roadside inspections to calculate a measure in each BASIC for individual drivers. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect drivers‘ safety postures relative to their peers.
4 More information about the PSP program can be found on FMCSA‘s PSP website at http://www.psp.fmcsa.dot.gov/. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-2
4.1.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The BASIC measures for the Unsafe Driving and Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASICs are calculated as the sum of severity and time weighted applicable violations as follows:
violationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 4-1
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is defined as any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSR and HMR cites listed for Unsafe Driving (Table 1, Appendix A) and Controlled Substances/Alcohol (Table 2, Appendix A) during the past 36 months, and for which the CMV driver can be held responsible (‗Driver Responsible‘ column, Table 1 and 2). In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the DSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection.
A Severity Weight from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe) is assigned to each applicable violation. See the Unsafe Driving Table (Table 1, Appendix A) and the Controlled Substance and Alcohol Table (Table 2, Appendix A) for the corresponding severity weights of each violation cite. The severity weighting of each violation cite accounts for the level of crash risk relative to the other violation cites used in the BASIC measurement. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation based on how long ago a violation on the inspection was recorded. Violations recorded in the past 12 months receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 12 and 24 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 24 months but within the past 36 months) receive a time weight of 1. This time weighting places more emphasis on recent violations relative to older violations.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
4.1.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the DSMS applies data sufficiency standards to assign a percentile rank to drivers who can then potentially be subjected to a CSA 2010 intervention. The calculation is as follows:
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March 2010 4-3
A. Determine the total number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. Remove drivers with no BASIC violations.
B. Rank all the drivers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure). Then, assign the percentile values for that BASIC to each driver.
4.2 Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and the Driver Fitness BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are ill, fatigued, or in non-compliance with the Hours-Of-Service (HOS) regulations. This BASIC includes violations of regulations surrounding the complete and accurate recording of logbooks as they relate to HOS requirements and the management of CMV driver fatigue. Instances related to the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC are distinguished from incidents where unconsciousness or an inability to react is brought about by the use of alcohol, drugs, or other controlled substances. Example violations include: HOS, logbook, and operating a CMV while ill or fatigued. Driver Fitness BASIC—Operation of CMVs by drivers who are unfit to operate a CMV due to lack of training, experience, or medical qualifications. Example violations: failure to have a valid and appropriate commercial driver's license and being medically unqualified to operate a CMV.
The DSMS assesses both the Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC and Driver Fitness BASIC using relevant violations recorded during roadside inspections to calculate a measure in each BASIC for individual drivers. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect drivers‘ safety postures relative to their peers.
4.2.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The equation used for calculating the BASIC measure for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness is as follows:
sinspectionrelevantweightedtimeofNumberviolationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 4-2
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is defined as any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSR and HMR cites listed for Fatigued Driving FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-4
(Table 3, Appendix A) and Driver Fitness (Table 4, Appendix A) during the past 36 months, and for which the CMV driver can be held responsible (‗Driver Responsible‘ column, Table 3 and 4). In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the DSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection.
A Relevant Inspection is any Driver Inspection (Level 1, 2, 3 or 6), including those that do not result in a violation in the BASIC, or any other inspection resulting in applicable BASIC violation.
A Severity Weight is assigned to each applicable violation, with a value dependent on two parts: (i) the level of crash risk relative to the other violation cites used in the BASIC measurement, and (ii) whether or not the violation resulted in an OOS condition. The level of crash risk is assigned to each applicable violation ranging from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe); see the Fatigued Driving (HOS) Table (Table 3, Appendix A) and the Driver Fitness Table (Table 4, Appendix A) for the corresponding severity weights of each violation cite. An OOS weight of 2 is then added to the severity weight of OOS violations. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, if any of the counts of the violation are OOS the OOS weight of 2 applies. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation and each relevant inspection based on its age. Violations recorded in the past 12 months receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 12 and 24 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 24 months but within the past 36 months) receive a time weight of 1. Using the exact same time weight scheme, time weights are assigned to each relevant inspection, regardless of whether or not an inspection yielded an applicable violation. This time weighting places more emphasis on results of recent inspections relative to older inspections.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
4.2.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the DSMS applies data sufficiency standards to assign a percentile rank to drivers that can then potentially be subjected to a CSA 2010 intervention. The calculation is as follows:
A. Determine the total number of relevant inspections and number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. Remove drivers with (1) less than three relevant inspections or (2) no inspections resulting in at least one BASIC violation. For the remaining drivers, place each driver into one of three groups based on the number of relevant inspections: FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-5
Peer Group Category Number of Relevant Inspections
1
3
2
4-6
3
7+
Table 4-1. Peer Group Categories for Fatigued Driving (HOS) and Driver Fitness BASICs
B. Within each group, rank all the drivers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure).
4.3 Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and Cargo-Related BASIC Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and the Cargo-Related BASIC. The definition of each BASIC is as follows: Vehicle Maintenance BASIC— Failure to properly maintain a CMV. Example violations: brakes, lights, and other mechanical defects, and failure to make required repairs that would be found in a pre-trip inspection. Cargo-Related BASIC— Failure to properly prevent shifting loads, spilled or dropped cargo, and unsafe handling of hazardous materials on a CMV. Example violations: improper load securement, cargo retention, and hazardous material handling.
The DSMS assesses both the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC and the Cargo-Related BASIC using relevant violations recorded during roadside inspections to calculate a measure in each BASIC for individual drivers. These measures are used to generate percentile ranks that reflect drivers‘ safety postures relative to their peers.
4.3.1 Calculation of BASIC Measure
The equation used for calculating the Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASIC measures is as follows:
sinspectionrelevantweightedtimeofNumberviolationsapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureBASIC
Equation 4-3 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-6
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Violation is as any violation recorded in any level roadside inspection that matches the FMCSR and HMR cites listed for Vehicle Maintenance (Table 5, Appendix A) and Cargo-Related (Table 6, Appendix A) BASICS during the past 36 months, and for which the CMV driver can be held responsible (‗Driver Responsible‘ column, Table 5 and 6). In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, the DSMS only uses each violation cite once per inspection.
A Relevant Inspection is any Vehicle Inspection (Level 1, 2 or 6), including those that do not result in a violation in the BASIC, or any other inspection resulting in applicable BASIC violation.
A Severity Weight is assigned to each applicable violation with a value dependent on two parts: (i) the level of crash risk relative to the other violation cites used in the BASIC measurement, and (ii) whether or not the violation resulted in an OOS condition. The level of crash risk is assigned to each applicable violation ranging from 1 (less severe) to 10 (most severe); see the Vehicle Maintenance Table (Table 5, Appendix A) and the Cargo-Related (Table 6, Appendix A) BASICS for the corresponding severity weights of each violation cite. An OOS weight of 2 is then added to the severity weight of OOS violations. In cases of multiple counts of the same violation, if any of the counts of the violation are OOS the OOS weight of 2 applies. The sum of all severity weights yielded by any one inspection for violations in any one BASIC is capped at a maximum of 30.
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable violation and each relevant inspection based on its age. Violations recorded in the past 12 months receive a time weight of 3. Violations recorded between 12 and 24 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All violations recorded earlier (older than 24 months but within the past 36 months) receive a time weight of 1. Using the exact same time weight scheme, time weights are assigned to each relevant inspection, regardless of whether or not an inspection yielded an applicable violation. This time weighting places more emphasis on results of recent inspections relative to older inspections.
Time and Severity Weighted Violation is a violation‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
4.3.2 Calculation of BASIC Percentile Rank
Based on the BASIC measures, the DSMS applies data sufficiency standards to assign a percentile rank to drivers that can then potentially be subjected to a CSA 2010 intervention. The calculation is as follows:
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March 2010 4-7
A. Determine the total number of relevant vehicle inspections and the number of inspections with at least one BASIC violation. Remove drivers with (1) less than three relevant inspections or (2) no inspections resulting in at least one BASIC violation. For the remaining drivers, place each driver into one of three groups based on the number of relevant inspections:
Peer Group Category Number of Relevant Inspections
1
3
2
4-6
3
7+
Table 4-2. Peer Group Categories for Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASICs
B. Within each group, rank all the drivers‘ BASIC measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest BASIC measure) to 100 (representing the highest BASIC measure).
4.4 Crash Indicator Assessment
This section describes the measurement of the Crash Indicator. The definition of the Crash Indicator is as follows: Crash Indicator—Histories or patterns of high crash involvement, including frequency and severity, based on information from state-reported crash reports.
Although the BASICs are used to measure an entity‘s behaviors, the crash history utilized by the Crash Indicator is not specifically a behavior; rather, it is the consequence of behavior and may indicate a problem with the entity that warrants intervention.
The DSMS assesses the Crash Indicator using relevant state-reported crash data to calculate a measure of the indicator for individual drivers. This measure is used to generate percentile ranks that reflect drivers‘ crash postures relative to their peers.
4.4.1 Calculation of Crash Indicator Measure
The equation used for calculating the Crash Indicator measure is as follows:
crashesapplicableweightedseverityandtimeofTotalMeasureIndicatorCrash
Equation 4-4 FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-8
In this equation, the terms are defined as follows:
Applicable Crash is based on crash reports provided by the states for each crash that meets the reportable crash standard during the past 36 months. A reportable crash is one that results in at least one fatality; one injury where the person injured is taken to a medical facility for immediate medical attention; or one vehicle having been towed from the scene (i.e. tow-away) as a result of disabling damage caused by the crash.
Crash Severity Weight places more weight on crashes with more severe consequences. For example, a crash involving an injury or fatality is weighted more heavily than a crash where only a tow-away occurred. A hazmat release also increases the weighting of a crash, as shown in Table 4-3.
Crash Type Crash Severity Weight
Involves tow-away but no injury or fatality
1
Involves injury or fatality
2
Involves a hazmat release
Crash Severity Weight (from above) + 1
Table 4-3. Crash Severity Weights for Crash Indicator
A Time Weight of 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to each applicable crash based on the time elapsed since it occurred. Crashes that occurred in the past 12 months receive a time weight of 3. Crashes that occurred between 12 and 24 months ago receive a time weight of 2. All crashes that happened later (older than 24 months but within the past 36 months) receive a time weight of 1. This time weighting places more emphasis on recent crashes relative to older crashes.
Time and Severity Weighted Crash is a crash‘s severity weight multiplied by its time weight.
4.4.2 Calculation of Crash Indicator Percentile Rank
Based on the Crash Indicator measures, the DSMS applies data sufficiency standards and assigns a percentile rank to drivers who then can potentially receive a CSA 2010 intervention. The calculation is as follows:
A. Identify drivers with at least one applicable crash.
B. Rank all the drivers‘ Crash Indicator measures in ascending order. Transform the ranked values into percentiles from 0 (representing the lowest indicator FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 4-9
measure) to 100 (representing the highest indicator measure). Then, assign the percentile values to each driver. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 5-1
5. Sample SMS Output
As part of the SMS development process, a web-based interface was developed to display preliminary/prototype results. The website provides a query capability allowing a user to search an entity of interest or identify the worst performing entities in each BASIC and Crash Indicator. Also available is a drill-down capability, which displays all the BASIC and Crash Indicator results of an individual entity and the safety events used in determining the BASIC percentile.
Figure 5-1 is a screenshot of the CSMS carrier measurement summary page for an actual carrier with the identifying fields obscured. This summary page provides carrier identification information (e.g., name, USDOT number), current safety information (e.g., safety rating, SafeStat results, inspection, and crash activity), and SMS BASIC and Crash Indicator information (e.g., measure, rank, and percentile). The BASIC percentiles above the CSA 2010 intervention thresholds are highlighted in yellow to indicate potential problem areas. Percentiles of 97 and higher in the Unsafe Driving, Fatigued Driving (HOS), Driver Fitness, Vehicle Maintenance and Cargo-Related BASICs are highlighted in red.
Note that the carrier in Figure 5-1 is at 99.9% in both the Unsafe Driving BASIC and at 98.6% in the Driver Fitness BASIC. These BASIC percentiles mean that this carrier has demonstrated worse safety performance than 99.9% and 98.6%, respectively, of the other carriers evaluated in these BASICs. Under the current SafeStat/CR process, this carrier, as a Category E carrier, is not a high priority to receive a CR and has not yet received a CR or safety rating. Under the CSA 2010 OM, this carrier will be slated for CSA 2010 interventions and potentially be given a detrimental SFD.
Figure 5-2 is a screenshot of the DSMS driver measurement summary page for an actual driver with the identifying fields obscured. This summary page provides driver identification information, a summary of carriers for which the driver has been operating, current safety activity (inspection and crash activity), and SMS BASIC and Crash Indicator information (e.g., measure, rank and percentile).
The driver in Figure 5-2 provides an example of a safety problem that is not easily addressed by a carrier-based safety program. The driver has operated for five motor carriers in the past three years. FMCSA attention on the carrier in this instance may not be the most effective approach to increasing safety, because the driver may continue the pattern of poor performance while operating for a new carrier. In the same way, carrier termination of the driver‘s employment may not fully address the safety problem because the driver may continue the pattern of poor performance while operating for a new carrier. CSA 2010 will tackle these behavior problems by applying driver-specific interventions to poor safety performers to change this behavior. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 5-2
Figure 5-1. CSMS Screenshot FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 5-3
Figure 5-2. DSMS Screenshot
.
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 6-1
6. SMS Report – Summary/Next Steps
This report revises Version 1.2 of the SMS methodology, originally released in April 2009. That methodology constituted an update of the previous release, Version 1.1, and incorporated feedback gathered during the CSA 2010 OM Test. This revision provides some additional clarification of SMS features originally documented in April 2009, and incorporates minor modifications to the set of violations in the CSMS and their associated severity weights. However, these modifications do not represent any changes in the methodology approach or in the steps involved in its execution. Most of these revisions are the result of feedback from the CSA 2010 OM Test and stakeholder response to CSA 2010 outreach.
The SMS methodology is part of a continuous improvement process in support of CSA 2010 and the implementation of the new FMCSA OM. Future improvements to the SMS will be based on feedback from stakeholders such as enforcement personnel, industry and the public, as well as on additional findings from the OM Test. In addition, as new data sources become available, these may be incorporated into the SMS methodology. Finally, the SMS will be enhanced periodically as future research reveals new and useful knowledge about crash causation and about the relationship between crash risk and regulatory compliance. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-1
Appendix A
Violation Severity by BASIC
Overview
The tables in this Appendix contain a breakdown of all FMCSRs and HMRs that can lead to roadside violations, with each table representing a unique BASIC. A severity weight is assigned to each regulation and reflects its relevance to crash risk. Within each BASIC, the regulations are grouped based on their attributes so that similar violations can be assigned the same severity weights. Severity weights, discussed in more detail below, are not comparable across the BASICs.
Interpretation of the Severity Weights
The violation severity weights in the tables that follow have been converted into a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 represents the lowest crash risk and 10 represents the highest crash risk relative to the other violations in the BASIC. Because the weights reflect the relative importance of each violation only within each particular BASIC, they cannot be compared meaningfully across the various BASICs. Therefore, a ‗5‘ in one BASIC is not equivalent to a ‗5‘ in another BASIC, but the ‗5‘ does represent the midpoint between a crash risk of 1 and 10 within the same BASIC. The ―Violation Group‖ column in each table identifies the group to which each violation has been assigned. Each violation within a violation group is assigned the same severity weight.
Derivation of the Severity Weights
The severity weights for each violation were derived through the following six-step process:
1. BASIC Mapping—All roadside safety-related violations were mapped to an appropriate BASIC so the severity weight analysis could be conducted on each individual BASIC.
2. Violation Grouping—All violations in each BASIC were placed into groups of similar violations based on the judgment of enforcement subject matter experts. These groups, listed in the ―Violation Group‖ column in each table, make it possible to incorporate otherwise rarely cited violations into the robust statistical analysis used to derive the severity weights. The violation grouping also ensured that similar types of violations received the same severity weight.
3. Crash Occurrence Analysis—Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the extent of the relationship between crash involvement on the one hand, and violation rates in each violation group, within each BASIC, on the other hand. A driver approach was used in this analysis. This approach was followed due to
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-2
strong demonstrable relationships between driver crashes and violations documented in prior research at the Volpe Center. The earlier research was conducted in support of FMCSA‘s CRWG, the CSA 2010 Initiative‘s predecessor. Based on the conclusions from this past research, the Volpe Center developed a Driver Information Resource (DIR) for FMCSA. The DIR uses individual crash and inspection reports from all states to construct multi-year driver safety histories on individual drivers. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were used to quantify the strength of relationships between driver violations rates in individual violation groups and crash involvement.
4. Crash Consequences Analysis—This analysis incorporates crash consequences attributable to the violation groups based on findings from the Violation Severity Assessment Study (VSAS).5 The VSAS quantifies the crash risk associated with individual FMCSR and HMR violations in terms of comparable dollar values. These comparable dollar values represent the increased social cost attributable to the presence of a violation. Together, the regression analysis (Step 3) and VSAS findings make it possible to address total crash risk in terms of both crash occurrence and crash consequence.
5. Subject Matter Expert Review—Enforcement subject matter experts reviewed the results derived purely from the statistical approaches described in Steps 3 and 4. Modifications were made to the severity weights based on input from the subject matter experts. This approach helps to compensate for the limitations of the statistical analysis, such as lack of statistical significance of rarely cited violations.
6. CSMS Effectiveness Test—Various severity weighting schemes developed in Steps 1 through 5 were applied to the CSMS to provide an empirical evaluation of the weighting schemes. The empirical evaluation, or ―CSMS Effectiveness Test,‖ was modeled after the SafeStat Effectiveness Test.6 The CSMS Effectiveness Test was accomplished through the following actions: (1) performing a simulated CSMS run that calculates carrier percentile ranks for each BASIC using historical data; (2) examining each carrier‘s crash involvement over the immediate 18 months after the simulated CSMS timeframe, and (3) observing the relationship between the percentile ranks in each BASIC and the subsequent post-CSMS carrier crash rates. The CSMS Effectiveness Test provides an environment to evaluate various severity weight schemes in terms of their impact in identifying high-risk carriers. It also provides a means of testing other weight schemes, such as the OOS weight, to help optimize CSMS‘s effectiveness.
This six-step process made it possible to develop a conceptual framework for the CSMS in the form of violation groupings and associated severity weights. The associated
5 Violations Severity Assessment Study Final Report (October 2007). Prepared for FMCSA by John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center.
6 SafeStat Motor Carrier Safety Status Measurement System Methodology: Version 8.6 (January 2004). Prepared for FMCSA by John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. Chapter 7: SafeStat Evaluation. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-3
severity weights were based on both empirical analysis and valuable accumulated knowledge from field experts. The data-driven component of the process, in particular, differentiates the CSMS from SafeStat and addresses some of the recent criticisms of the SafeStat algorithm.
Tables 1 through 6 list all of the violations in the CSMS, with the first two columns of each table identifying each violation by regulatory part and its associated definition. The third column in each table identifies the violation group to which each violation is assigned, followed by the violation groups‘ severity weights in the fourth column. The final column in these tables specifies whether or not each violation is also included in the DSMS; violations included in the DSMS are the subset of CSMS BASIC violations for which the CMV driver could also be a responsible party.
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-4
Table 1. CSMS Unsafe Driving BASIC Violations7 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
177.800(d)
Unnecessary delay in HM transportation to destination
HM Related
1
Y
392.2
Failure to obey traffic control device (§ 392.2C*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.2
Following too close (§ 392.2FC*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.2
Improper lane change (§ 392.2LC*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.2
Improper passing (§ 392.2P*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.2
Reckless driving (§ 392.2R*)
Reckless Driving
10
Y
392.2
Speeding (§ 392.2S*)
Speeding Related
5
Y
392.2
Improper turns (§ 392.2T*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.2
Failure to yield right of way (§ 392.2Y*)
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.6
Scheduling run to necessitate speeding
Speeding Related
5
N
392.10(a)(1)
Failing to stop at railroad crossing—bus
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.10(a)(2)
Failing to stop at railroad crossing—chlorine
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.10(a)(3)
Failing to stop at railroad crossing—placard
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.10(a)(4)
Failing to stop at railroad crossing—HM cargo
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.14
Failed to use caution for hazardous condition
Dangerous Driving
5
Y
392.16
Failing to use seat belt while operating CMV
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
7 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-5
Table 1. CSMS Unsafe Driving BASIC Violations7 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
392.22(a)
Failing to use hazard warning flashers
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
392.60(a)
Unauthorized passenger on board CMV
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
392.62
Unsafe bus operations
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
392.62(a)
Bus—Standees forward of the standee line
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
392.71(a)
Using or equipping a CMV with radar detector
Speeding Related
5
Y
397.3
State/local laws ordinances regulations
HM Related
1
Y
397.7(a)(1)
Parking vehicle with explosives less than 5 feet from traveled highway.
HM Related
1
Y
397.7(a)(2)
Parking vehicle with explosive on private property without permission
HM Related
1
Y
397.7(a)(3)
Parking a vehicle with explosive less than 300 feet from prohibited area
HM Related
1
Y
397.13
Smoking within 25 feet of HM vehicle
HM Related
1
Y
397.13(a)
Smoking/lighting smoking materials less than 25 feet from HM vehicle
HM Related
1
Y
397.13(b)
Smoking less than 25 feet from empty cargo tank used for flammables
HM Related
1
Y
397.15(a)
Fueling HM vehicle with engine operating
HM Related
1
Y
397.15(b)
Fueling HM vehicle without person in control of fueling process
HM Related
1
Y
397.67(b)
Operating HM vehicle through prohibited area
HM Related
1
N
398.4
Driving of vehicle—migrant workers
Other Driver Violations
1
Y
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-6
Table 2. CSMS Controlled Substances/Alcohol BASIC Violations8 Section Violation Description Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight Violation in the DSMS (Y/N)
392.5(c)(2)
Violating OOS order pursuant to 392.5(a)/(b)
Alcohol Jumping OOS
10
Y
392.4(a)
Driver uses or is in possession of drugs
Drugs
10
Y
392.5(a)
Possession/use/under influence alcohol-4hrs prior to duty
Alcohol
5
Y
8 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-7
Table 3. CSMS Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC Violations9 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight10 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
392.2
State/Local Hours of Service (HOS) (§ 392.2H*)
Hours
7
Y
392.3
Operating a CMV while ill/fatigued
Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued
10
Y
395.1(h)(1)
15, 20, 70/80 HOS violations (Alaska-Property)
Hours
7
Y
395.1(h)(2)
15, 20, 70/80 HOS violations (Alaska-Passenger)
Hours
7
Y
395.1(h)(3)
Adverse driving conditions violations (Alaska)
Hours
7
Y
395.3(a)(1)
Requiring or permitting driver to drive more than 11 hours
Hours
7
Y
395.3(a)(2)
Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 14 hours on duty
Hours
7
Y
395.3(b)
60/70- hour rule violation
Hours
7
Y
395.3(c)
34- hour restart violation (Property)
Hours
7
Y
395.5(a)(1)
10- hour rule violation (Passenger)
Hours
7
Y
395.5(a)(2)
15- hour rule violation (Passenger)
Hours
7
Y
395.5(b)
60/70- hour rule violation (Passenger)
Hours
7
Y
395.8(a)
No drivers record of duty status
Incomplete/Wrong Log
5
Y
395.8(a)(1)
Log violation (general/form and manner) (§ 395.8*)
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(c)
Failing to require driver to prepare record of duty status in form and manner prescribed
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
9 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs.
10 In cases where a violation results in an out-of-service order as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, an additional weight of 2 is added to arrive at a total severity weight for the violation. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-8
Table 3. CSMS Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC Violations9 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight10 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
395.8(d)(1)
Failing to require driver to prepare record of duty status in form and manner prescribed
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(2)
Failure to meet requirement for recording daily miles traveled
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(4)
Failure to list carrier name in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(5)
Failure to include driver signature or certification in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(6)
Failure to list starting time in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(7)
Failure to list main office address in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(8)
Failure to include remarks in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(9)
Failure to list co-driver name in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(10)
Failure to include total hours in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(d)(11)
Failure to include shipping document numbers in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(e)
False report of drivers record of duty status
False Log
7
Y
395.8(f)(1)
Drivers record of duty status not current
Incomplete/Wrong Log
5
Y
395.8(f)(2)
For duty status records made by drivers, failure to be legible and in the driver's own handwriting
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-9
Table 3. CSMS Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC Violations9 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight10 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
395.8(f)(3)
Failure to include start date for the beginning of 24-hour period in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(4)
Failure to include total mileage driven during the 24-hour period in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(5)
Failure to include CMV identification number assigned by the motor carrier in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(6)
Failure to list motor carrier name in driver's duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(7)
Failure to include driver signature or certification in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(9)
Failure to list main office address in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(10)
Failure to record days off duty in driver activities report
Incomplete/Wrong Log
5
Y
395.8(f)(11)
Failing to require driver to prepare record of duty status in form and manner prescribed
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(f)(12)
Failure to include shipping document numbers and commodity list in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(g)
Failure to incorporate appropriate graph grid in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(h)(1)
Failure to appropriately indicate off-duty time in graph grid for in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(h)(2)
Failure to appropriately indicate sleeper berth time in graph grid for in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(h)(4)
Failure to appropriately indicate non-driving on-duty time in graph grid for in duty status records
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-10
Table 3. CSMS Fatigued Driving (HOS) BASIC Violations9 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight10 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
395.8(h)(5)
Failure to appropriately indicate location and remarks for changes in duty status
Other Log/Form & Manner
2
Y
395.8(i)
Failing to submit record of duty status within 13 days
Incomplete/Wrong Log
5
Y
395.8(k)(2)
Driver failing to retain previous 7 days’ logs
Incomplete/Wrong Log
5
Y
395.13(d)(1)
Driving after being declared out-of-service (§ 395.13(d)*)
Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued
10
Y
395.13(d)(2)
Driving after being declared out-of-service
Jumping OOS/Driving Fatigued
10
Y
395.15(b)
Onboard recording device information requirements not met
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(b)(5)
Onboard recording device information requirements not met
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(c)
Onboard recording device improper form and manner
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(d)(1)
Any violation of 395.15 (on-board recording devices)
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(f)
Onboard recording device failure and driver failure to reconstruct duty status
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(g)
On-board recording device information not available
EOBR Related
1
Y
395.15(i)(5)
Onboard recording device does not display required information.
EOBR Related
1
N
398.6
Violation of hours of service regulations—migrant workers
Hours
7
Y
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-11
Table 4. CSMS Driver Fitness BASIC Violations 11 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight12 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N)
172.704(c)(1)
Failing to train HM employees as required
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
177.816
Driver training requirements
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
N
383.21
Operating a CMV with more than one driver's license
Multiple License
10
Y
383.21(a)
Operating a CMV with more than one driver's license†
Multiple License
10
Y
383.23(a)(2)
Operating a CMV without a CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.23(c)
Operating on learner's permit without CDL holder
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.23(c)(1)
Operating on learner's permit without CDL holder
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.23(c)(2)
Operating on learner's permit without valid driver’s license
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.31(a)
Failure to notify licensing jurisdiction of traffic law conviction
Driver Qualification
6
Y
383.31(b)
Failing to notify carrier of conviction within 30 days
Driver Qualification
6
Y
383.37(a)
Allowing driver to operate with suspended/revoked/etc. CDL
Driver Qualification
6
N
383.37(b)
Allowing driver with more than one CDL to drive a CMV
Multiple License
10
N
11 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs.
12 In cases where a violation results in an out-of-service order as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, an additional weight of 2 is added to arrive at a total severity weight for the violation.
† Citations marked with † are being phased out based on regulatory changes, and are intended for removal from the SMS at a later time. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-12
Table 4. CSMS Driver Fitness BASIC Violations 11 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight12 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N)
383.37(c)
Allowing driver to operate during driver, vehicle, or motor carrier Out-Of-Service (OOS) order
Fitness/ Jumping OOS
10
N
383.51(a)
Driving a CMV (CDL) while disqualified
Driver Qualification
6
Y
383.71(b)
Driving a CMV without transferring valid motor vehicle operator’s license/permit
Driver Qualification
6
Y
383.91(a)
Operating a CMV with improper CDL group
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.93(b)(1)
No double/triple trailer endorsement on CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.93(b)(2)
No passenger vehicle endorsement on CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.93(b)(3)
No tank vehicle endorsement on CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.93(b)(4)
No hazardous materials endorsement on CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.93(b)(5)
No school bus endorsement on CDL
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
383.95(a)
Violating airbrake restriction
Endorsements and Vehicle Group
3
Y
386.72(b)(4)
Failing to comply with Imminent Hazard OOS Order (§ 386.72(b)*)
Fitness/ Jumping OOS
10
Y
391.11(a)
Unqualified driver (§ 391.11*)
Driver Qualification
6
Y
391.11(b)(1)
Interstate driver under 21 years of age
Driver Qualification
6
Y
391.11(b)(2)
Non-English speaking driver
Driver Qualification
6
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-13
Table 4. CSMS Driver Fitness BASIC Violations 11 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight12 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N)
391.11(b)(3)
Driver lacking training/experience
Driver Qualification
6
Y
391.11(b)(4)
Driver lacking physical qualification(s)
Physical
2
Y
391.11(b)(5)
Driver lacking valid license for type vehicle being operated
Endorsements & Vehicle Group
3
Y
391.11(b)(6)
Driver has not prepared current list of violations or certificate required by § 391.27
Physical
2
Y
391.11(b)(7)
Driver disqualified from operating CMV
Endorsements & Vehicle Group
3
Y
391.11(b)(8)
No road test/certificate/class license
Driver Qualification
6
Y
391.15(a)
Driving a CMV while disqualified
Driver Qualification
6
Y
391.41(a)(1)(i)
Driver not in possession of medical certificate (§ 391.41(a)*)
Medical Certificate
1
Y
391.45(b)
Expired medical examiner's certificate
Medical Certificate
1
Y
391.45(b)(1)
Expired medical examiner’s certificate (§ 391.45(b)*)
Medical Certificate
1
Y
391.45(c)
Driver not medically reexamined after physical or mental injury/impairment
Medical Certificate
1
Y
391.49(j)
No valid medical waiver in driver's possession
Medical Certificate
1
Y
398.3(b)
Driver not physically qualified
Physical
2
Y
398.3(b)(8)
No doctor's certificate in possession
Medical Certificate
1
Y
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-14
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
365.511
Fail to display current CVSA Decal: Permanent Authority
Inspection Reports
4
N
374.313(a)
Failure to maintain a reasonable temperature
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
374.313(b)
Bus — Failure to maintain restroom
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
374.313(c)
Bus — Not maintained in clean working order
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
385.103(c)
Fail to display current CVSA decal— Provisional Authority
Inspection Reports
4
N
392.7
No pre-trip inspection
Inspection Reports
4
Y
392.8
Failing to inspect/use emergency equipment
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
392.22(b)
Failing/improper placement of warning devices
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
392.33
Operating CMV with lamps/reflectors obscured
Lighting
6
Y
393.9(a)
Inoperative required lamps (§ 393.9(a)*)
Lighting
2
Y
393.9(a)
Inoperative head lamps (§ 393.9H*)
Lighting
6
Y
393.9(a)
Inoperative turn signal (§ 393.9TS*)
Lighting
6
Y
393.9(a)
Inoperative tail lamp (§ 393.9T*)
Lighting
6
Y
393.11
No/defective lighting devices/reflective devices/projected
Lighting
6
Y
13 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs.
14 In cases where a violation results in an out-of-service order as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, an additional weight of 2 is added to arrive at a total severity weight for the violation.
† Citations marked with † are being phased out based on regulatory changes, and are intended for removal from the SMS at a later time. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-15
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.11(b)
No retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993, No reflective material on rear or side
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11(b)
Side retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (does not meet 50% as required) § 393.11(b)(1)*
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11(b)
Lower retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 § 393.11(b)(2)*
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11(b)
Upper retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 § 393.11(b)(3)*
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11(c)
Truck Tractor Lower mud flap retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 7/1/1997 § 393.11(c)(1)*
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11(c)
Truck Tractor Upper body corners retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 7/1/1997 § 393.11(c)(2)*
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Lower retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (§ 393.11LR*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
No retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (§ 393.11N*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Retroreflective not affixed as required Trailer manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (§ 393.11RT*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Side retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (§ 393.11S*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-16
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.11
Truck Tractor manufactured on or after 7/1/1997 with no retro reflective sheeting or reflex reflectors on mud flaps (§ 393.11TL*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Truck Tractor no retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 7/1/1997 (§ 393.11TT*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Truck Tractor upper body corners retroreflective sheeting/reflex manufactured on or after 7/1/1997 (§ 393.11TU*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.11
Upper reflex reflectors retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993 (§ 393.11UR*)
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(a)
Retroreflective tape not affixed; Trailer manufactured before 12//1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(b)
No retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(c)(1)
Side retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or before 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(c)(2)
Lower retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or before 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(c)(3)
Upper retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or before 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(d)(1)
Side retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-17
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.13(d)(2)
Lower rear retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.13(d)(3)
Upper rear retroreflective sheeting/reflex reflectors manufactured on or after 12/1/1993
Reflective Sheeting
3
Y
393.17
No/defective lamp/reflector-tow-away operation
Lighting
6
Y
393.17(a)
No/defective lamps-towing unit-tow-away operation
Lighting
6
Y
393.17(b)
No/defective tow-away lamps on rear unit
Lighting
6
Y
393.19
Inoperative/defective hazard warning lamp
Lighting
6
Y
393.23
Required lamp not powered by vehicle electricity
Clearance Identification Lamps/Other
2
Y
393.24(a)
Non-compliance with headlamp requirements
Lighting
6
Y
393.24(b)
Non-compliant fog/driving lamps
Lighting
6
Y
393.24(c)
Improper headlamp mounting
Lighting
6
N
393.24(d)
Improper head / auxiliary / fog lamp aiming
Lighting
6
N
393.25(a)
Improper lamp mounting
Lighting
6
N
393.25(b)
Lamps are not visible as required
Lighting
6
Y
393.25(e)
Lamp not steady burning
Lighting
6
Y
393.25(f)
Stop lamp violations
Lighting
6
Y
393.26
Requirements for reflectors
Lighting
6
Y
393.28
Improper or no wiring protection as required
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.30
Improper battery installation
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-18
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.40
Inadequate brake system on a CMV
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.40(a)
Inadequate brake system
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.41
No or defective parking brake system on CMV
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.41(a)
Inadequate brake system
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.42
No brakes as required
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.42(a)
No brakes on all wheels as required
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.43
No/improper breakaway or emergency braking
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.43(a)
No/improper tractor protection valve
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.43(b)
Towing vehicle unable to actuate trailer brakes with reduced air
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.43(d)
No or defective automatic trailer brake
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.44
No/defective bus front brake line protection
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.45
Brake tubing and hose adequacy
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.45(b)(2)
Failing to secure brake hose/tubing against mechanical damage (§ 393.45(a)(4)*)
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.45(b)(2)
Failing to secure brake hose/tubing against mechanical damage
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.45(b)(3)
Failing to secure brake hose/tubing against high temperatures
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.45(d)
Brake connections with leaks/constrictions
Brakes, All Others
4
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-19
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.47
Inadequate/contaminated brake linings
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.47(a)
Inadequate brakes for safe stopping
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.47(b)
Mismatched brake chambers on same axle
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.47(c)
Mismatched slack adjuster effective length
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.47(d)
Insufficient brake linings
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.47(e)
Clamp/Roto-Chamber type brake(s) out of adjustment
Brakes Out of Adjustment
4
Y
393.47(f)
Wedge type brake(s) out of adjustment
Brakes Out of Adjustment
4
Y
393.47(g)
Insufficient drum/rotor thickness
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.48(a)
Inoperative/defective brakes
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.48(b)
Defective brake limiting device (§ 393.48(b)(1)*)
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.50
Inadequate reservoir for air/vacuum brakes
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.50(a)
Failing to have sufficient air/vacuum reserve
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.50(b)
Failing to equip vehicle—prevent reservoir air/vacuum leak
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.50(c)
No means to ensure operable check valve
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.50(d)
No or defective air reservoir drain valve
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.51
No or defective brake warning device
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.51(a)
Failing to equip brake system with warning device or gauge
Brakes, All Others
4
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-20
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.51(c)
Failing to equip brake system with warning device or gauge
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.52(a)(1)
Insufficient braking force as percent of GVW or GCW
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.53(a)
Automatic brake adjuster CMV manufactured on or after 10/20/1993— hydraulic brake
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.53(b)
Automatic brake adjuster CMV manufactured on or after 10/20/1994— air brake
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.53(c)
Brake adjustment indicator CMV manufactured on or after 10/20/1994— external automatic adjustment
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.55(a)
ABS— all CMVs manufactured on or after 3/1/1999 with hydraulic brakes
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(b)
ABS— malfunction indicators for hydraulic brake system
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(c)(1)
ABS— all tractors manufactured on or after 3/1/1997 air brake system
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(c)(2)
ABS— all other CMVs manufactured on or after 3/1/1998 air brake system
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(d)(1)
ABS— malfunctioning circuit/signal manufactured on or after 3/1/1997, single-unit CMV manufactured on or after 3/1/1998
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(d)(2)
ABS— malfunctioning indicator to cab of towing CMV manufactured on or after 3/1/2001
Brakes, All Others
4
N
393.55(d)(3)
ABS— malfunctioning indicator connection from towed CMV manufactured on or after 3/1/2001
Brakes, All Others
4
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-21
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.55(e)
ABS— malfunctioning lamps towed CMV manufactured on or after 3/1/1998, manufactured before 3/1/2009
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
393.60(b)
Windshields required
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.60(c)
Damaged or discolored windshield
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.60(d)
Glazing permits less than 70 percent of light
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.61
Inadequate or missing truck side windows
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.61
Inadequate or missing truck side windows (§ 393.61(a)*)
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.61
Buses-window escape inoperative/obstructed (§ 393.61(b)*) †
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.61
Emergency exit window handle broken (§ 393.61(b)(2)*) †
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.61
Buses-push out window requirements violation (§ 393.61(c)*) †
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.62(a)
No or defective bus emergency exits, manufactured on or after 9/1/1994
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.62(b)
No or defective bus emergency exits, manufactured on or after 9/1/1973 but before 9/1/1994
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.62(c)
No or defective bus emergency exit windows, manufactured before 9/1/1973
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-22
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.62(d)
No / defective Safety glass/push-out window
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.62(e)
No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.65(a)
Fuel system requirements not met (§ 393.65*)
Fuel Systems
1
N
393.65(b)
Improper location of fuel system
Fuel Systems
1
Y
393.65(c)
Improper securement of fuel tank
Fuel Systems
1
Y
393.65(f)
Improper fuel line protection
Fuel Systems
1
Y
393.67(a)
Fuel tank requirement violations(§ 393.67*)
Fuel Systems
1
N
393.67(c)(7)
Fuel tank fill pipe cap missing
Fuel Systems
1
Y
393.67(c)(8)
Improper fuel tank safety vent
Fuel Systems
1
N
393.67(d)
Failing to equip vehicle with fuel tank free of leaks
Fuel Systems
1
Y
393.68
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Container does not conform to regulations
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.70
Fifth wheel
Coupling Devices
3
N
393.70(a)
Defective coupling device—improper tracking
Coupling Devices
3
N
393.70(b)
Defective/improper fifth wheel assemblies
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.70(b)(2)
Defective fifth wheel locking mechanism
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.70(c)
Defective coupling devices for full trailer
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.70(d)
No/improper safety chains/cables for full trailer
Coupling Devices
3
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-23
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.70(d)(8)
Improper safety chain attachment
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.71
Improper coupling driveaway/tow-away operation
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.71(g)
Prohibited towing connection / device
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.71(h)
Towbar requirement violations
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.71(h)(10)
No/improper safety chains/cables for towbar
Coupling Devices
3
Y
393.75
Tires/tubes (general)
Tires
8
Y
393.75(a)
Flat tire or fabric exposed
Tires
8
Y
393.75(a)(1)
Tire—ply or belt material exposed
Tires
8
Y
393.75(a)(2)
Tire—tread and/or sidewall separation
Tires
8
Y
393.75(a)(3)
Tire—flat and/or audible air leak
Tires
8
Y
393.75(a)(4)
Tire—cut exposing ply and/or belt material
Tires
8
Y
393.75(b)
Tire—front tread depth less than 4/32 of inch
Tires
8
Y
393.75(c)
Tire—other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch
Tires
8
Y
393.75(d)
Tire-bus regrooved/recap on front wheel
Tires
8
Y
393.75(e)
Tire—regrooved on front of truck/truck-tractor
Tire vs. Load
3
Y
393.75(f)
Tire—load weight rating/under inflated
Tire vs. Load
3
Y
393.75(f)
Weight carried exceeds tire load limit (§ 393.75(f)(1)*) †
Tire vs. Load
3
Y
393.75(f)
Tire under-inflated (§ 393.75(f)(2)*) †
Tire vs. Load
3
Y
393.75(h)
Tire under-inflated
Tire vs. Load
3
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-24
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.76
Sleeper berth requirement violations
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.76(b)(1)
Sleeper berth location
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.76(b)(2)
Sleeper berth location
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.76(h)
Using a sleeper berth that is not equipped with occupant restraint
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.77
Defective and/or prohibited heaters
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.77(b)(5)
Protection of operating controls from tampering
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.77(b)(11)
Bus heater fuel tank location
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.78(a)
Windshield wipers inoperative/defective (§ 393.78*)
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.79
Defroster / Defogger inoperative (§ 393.79(a)*)
Windshield/ Glass/ Makings
1
Y
393.80(a)
Failing to equip vehicle with two rear vision mirrors(§ 393.80*)
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.81
Horn inoperative
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.82
Speedometer inoperative / inadequate
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
393.83(a)
Exhaust system location
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(b)
Exhaust discharge fuel tank/filler tube
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(c)
Improper exhaust—bus (gasoline)
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(d)
Improper exhaust—bus (diesel)
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-25
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.83(d)(1)
Non-gas-powered bus exhaust discharging greater than 15 inches forward of rear
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(e)
Improper exhaust discharge (not rear of cab)
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(f)
Improper exhaust system repair (patch/wrap)
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(g)
Exhaust leak under truck cab and/or sleeper
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.83(h)
Exhaust system not securely fastened
Exhaust Discharge
1
Y
393.84
Inadequate floor condition
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.86
No or improper rearend protection
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.86(a)(1)
Rear impact guards—all trailers/semitrailers manufactured on or after 1/26/98
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.86(a)(2)
Impact guard width— all trailers/semitrailers manufactured on or after 1/26/98
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.86(a)(3)
Impact guard height— all trailers/semitrailers manufactured on or after 1/26/98
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.86(a)(4)
Impact guard rear— all trailers/semitrailers manufactured on or after 1/26/98
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.86(a)(5)
Cross-sectional vertical height— all trailers/semitrailers manufactured on or after 1/26/98
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.86(b)(1)
Rear Impact Guards— motor vehicle manufactured on or after 12/31/52, see exceptions
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.88
Improperly located television receiver
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-26
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.89
Bus driveshaft not properly protected
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.90
Bus—no or obscure standee line
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.91
Bus—improper aisle seats
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.93(a)
Bus—not equipped with seat belt
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.93(a)(3)
Seats not secured in conformance with FMVSS
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.93(b)
Truck not equipped with seat belt
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.95(a)
No/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(a)(1)(i)
No/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(a)(1)(ii)
No/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(b)
No spare fuses as required
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(b)
No spare fuses as required (§ 393.95(c)*)
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(f)
No / insufficient warning devices
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(f)(2)
Emergency warning devices not as required
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.95(g)
HM—restricted emergency warning device
Emergency Equipment
2
Y
393.201(a)
Frame cracked / loose / sagging / broken
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.201(b)
Bolts securing cab broken/loose/missing
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.201(c)
Frame rail flange improperly bent/cut/notched
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-27
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.201(d)
Frame accessories improperly attached
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.201(e)
Prohibited holes drilled in frame rail flange
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
393.203
Cab/body parts requirements violations
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.203(a)
Cab door missing/broken
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.203(b)
Cab/body improperly secured to frame
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.203(c)
Hood not securely fastened
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.203(d)
Cab seats not securely mounted
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.203(e)
Cab front bumper missing/ unsecured/ protrude
Cab, Body, Frame
2
Y
393.205(a)
Wheel/rim cracked or broken
Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc.
2
Y
393.205(b)
Stud/bolt holes elongated on wheels
Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc.
2
Y
393.205(c)
Wheel fasteners loose and/or missing
Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc.
2
Y
393.207(a)
Axle positioning parts defective/missing
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(b)
Adjustable axle locking pin missing/disengaged
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(c)
Leaf spring assembly defective/missing
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(d)
Coil spring cracked and/or broken
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(e)
Torsion bar cracked and/or broken
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(f)
Air suspension pressure loss
Suspension
7
Y
393.207(g)
No/defective air suspension exhaust control
Suspension
7
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-28
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.209(a)
Steering wheel not secured/broken
Steering Mechanism
6
Y
393.209(b)
Excessive steering wheel lash
Steering Mechanism
6
Y
393.209(c)
Loose steering column
Steering Mechanism
6
Y
393.209(d)
Steering system components worn/welded/missing
Steering Mechanism
6
Y
393.209(e)
Power steering violations
Steering Mechanism
6
Y
396.1
Must have knowledge of and comply with regulations
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.3(a)(1)
Inspection/repair and maintenance parts and accessories
Wheels, Studs, Clamps, Etc.
2
Y
396.3(a)(2)
Failing to inspect pushout windows every 90 days
Windshield /Glass /Markings
1
N
396.3(a)(1)
Brakes (general) (§ 396.3A1B*)
Brakes, All Others
4
Y
396.3(a)(1)
Brake out of adjustment (§ 396.3A1BA*)
Brakes Out of Adjustment
4
N
396.3(a)(1)
Brake-air compressor violation (§ 396.3A1BC*)
Brakes, All Others
4
N
396.3(a)(1)
Brake-defective brake drum (§ 396.3A1BD*)
Brakes, All Others
4
N
396.3(a)(1)
Brake-reserve system pressure loss (§ 396.3A1BL*)
Brakes, All Others
4
N
396.3(a)(1)
Tires (general) (§ 396.3A1T*)
Tires
8
Y
396.5
Excessive oil leaks†
Other Vehicle Defect
3
N
396.5(a)
Failing to ensure that vehicle is properly lubricated
Other Vehicle Defect
3
N
396.5(b)
Oil and/or grease leak
Other Vehicle Defect
3
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-29
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
396.7(a)
Unsafe operations forbidden (§ 396.7*)
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
396.9(c)
Operating an Out-Of-Service (OOS) vehicle
Vehicle Jumping OOS
10
Y
396.9(c)(2)
Operating an OOS vehicle
Vehicle Jumping OOS
10
Y
396.9(d)(2)
Failure to correct defects noted on inspection report
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.9(d)(3)
Failure to return inspection report within 15 days
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.11
No or inadequate driver vehicle inspection report (§ 396.11(a)(1)*)
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.11(b)
Failing to ensure inspection report is complete and accurate
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.11(c)
Failing to correct safety defects reported by driver
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.11(c)(1)
Failing to certify that repairs were made or were not necessary
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.11(c)(2)
Failing to retain vehicle inspection reports for at least 3 months
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.13(a)
Driver inspection
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.13(b)
Driver inspection
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.13(c)
No reviewing driver's signature on Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR)
Inspection Reports
4
Y
396.17(a)
Using a CMV not periodically inspected
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.17(b)
Using a CMV not periodically inspected
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.17(c)
Operating a CMV without periodic inspection
Inspection Reports
4
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-30
Table 5. CSMS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Violations 13 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight14 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
396.17(g)
Failing to repair parts not meeting inspection standards
Other Vehicle Defect
3
N
396.21(a)(1)
Failing to prepare inspection report in correct form and manner
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.21(a)(3)
Failing to prepare inspection report in correct form and manner
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.21(a)(4)
Failing to prepare inspection report in correct form and manner
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.21(a)(5)
Failing to prepare inspection report in correct form and manner
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.21(a)(6)
Failing to prepare inspection report in correct form and manner
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.21(b)(1)
Failing to retain periodic inspection report for 14 months
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.23(b)(1)
Failure to comply with mandatory State inspection program
Inspection Reports
4
N
396.25(a)
Failing to ensure all maintenance on a CMV meets minimum. standards
Brakes, All Others
4
N
398.5(a)
Parts/access—migrant workers
Other Vehicle Defect
3
Y
398.7
Inspect/maintain motor vehicle—migrant workers
Inspection Reports
4
N
399.207
Vehicle access requirements violations
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
399.211
Inadequate maintenance of driver access
Cab, Body, Frame
2
N
FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-31
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
171.2(a)
Failure to comply with HM regulations
HM Other
1
Y
171.2(b)
Failure to comply with the requirements for HM transportation (including labeling and handling)
HM Other
1
Y
171.2(c)
Representing a package./container for HM not meeting specs
Markings
1
N
171.2(d)
Accepting HM without registering with PHMSA
Documentation
1
Y
171.2(e)
Failing to perform a function covered by an exemption
Documentation
1
N
171.2(f)
Transporting HM not in accordance with this part
Fraudulent Behavior
1
Y
171.2(g)
Cargo tank does not comply with HM Regulations
Fraudulent Behavior
1
N
171.2(h)(2)
Representing a packaging under a false exemption
Fraudulent Behavior
1
N
171.2(k)
Representing vehicle with HM, none present
Fraudulent Behavior
1
Y
171.3(a)
Transporting hazardous waste not properly prepared for shipment
Cargo Protection
1
N
171.3(b)(1)
Vehicle, no hazardous waste marking
Markings
1
N
171.3(b)(2)
Improper/no hazardous waste manifest
Documentation
1
Y
172.205(e)(2)
Hazardous waste manifest not carried on vehicle
Documentation
1
Y
15 Violation severity weights reflect the relative importance of each violation within each BASIC. These weights cannot be compared or added meaningfully across the BASICs.
16 In cases where a violation results in an out-of-service order as defined in 49 CFR 390.5, an additional weight of 2 is added to arrive at a total severity weight for the violation.
† Citations marked with † are being phased out based on regulatory changes, and are intended for removal from the SMS at a later time. FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-32
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.205(e)(3)
Failing to provide hazardous waste manifest to designated facility
Documentation
1
Y
172.205(h)
Hazardous waste manifest not as required
Documentation
1
Y
172.300(b)
Carrier failed to mark package
Markings
1
N
172.301(a)(1)
No proper shipping name and/or ID# marking on non-bulk
Markings
1
N
172.301(a)(3)
No ID number on side/ends of non-bulk package — large quantity of single HM
Markings
1
N
172.301(b)
No technical name on non-bulk
Documentation
1
N
172.301(c)
No special permit number on non-bulk package
Documentation
1
N
172.301(d)
No consignee/consignor on non-bulk
Documentation
1
N
172.302(a)
No ID number (portable and cargo tank)
Markings
1
Y
172.302(b)
Bulk package marking incorrect size
Markings
1
N
172.302(c)
No special permit number on bulk package
Documentation
1
N
172.303(a)
Prohibited HM marking on package
Markings
1
N
172.304(a)(1)
Package marking not durable, English, or print
Markings
1
N
172.304(a)(2)
Marking not on sharply contrasting color
Markings
1
N
172.304(a)(3)
Marking obscured by label or attachments
Markings
1
N
172.304(a)(4)
Marking not away from other marking
Markings
1
N
172.310(a)
No gross weight on radioactive materials package greater than 50 KG
Markings
1
N
172.310(b)
Radioactive materials package not marked "Type A or B"
Markings
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-33
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.310(d)
Type B, B(U), B(M) package not marked with /radiation symbol
Markings
1
N
172.312(a)
No package orientation arrows
Cargo Protection
1
N
172.312(a)(1)
Non-bulk package liquid HM—closures up
Markings
1
N
172.312(a)(2)
No package orientation arrows
Cargo Protection
1
N
172.312(b)
Prohibited use of orientation arrows
Cargo Protection
1
N
172.313(a)
No "inhalation hazard" on package
Markings
1
N
172.313(b)
No "poison" on non-bulk plastic package
Markings
1
N
172.316(a)
―Other regulated material‖ non-bulk package not marked
Markings
1
N
172.320(a)
Class 1 package not marked with ex-number
Markings
1
N
172.322(b)
No marine pollutant marking on bulk packaging
Markings
1
N
172.324
Non-bulk hazardous substance not marked
Markings
1
N
172.324(a)
Hazardous substance—no constituent name
Markings
1
N
172.324(b)
Hazardous substance —no required marking
Markings
1
N
172.325(a)
Elevated temperature not marked "Hot"
Markings
1
N
172.325(b)
Improperly marked molten aluminum/sulphur
Markings
1
N
172.326(b)
No portable tank owner or lessee marking
Markings
1
N
172.326(c)(1)
No ID number marking on vehicle carrying portable tank
Markings
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-34
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.326(c)(2)
Shipper failed to provide ID number to carrier
Markings
1
N
172.328(a)
Shipper failed to provide or affix ID number for cargo tank
Markings
1
N
172.328(a)(1)
Failing to provide ID number on placard or orange panel
Markings
1
N
172.328(b)
Cargo tank not marked for class 2
Markings
1
N
172.328(c)
No quenched and tempered steel (QT)/other than quenched and tempered steel (NQT) marked on cargo tank (MC 330/331)
Markings
1
N
172.328(d)
Fail to mark manual remote shutoff device
Markings
1
N
172.330(a)(2)
Tank car tank (non cylinder) not marked as required
Markings
1
N
172.330(b)
Motor vehicle with tank not marked
Markings
1
N
172.332(a)
Required ID markings displayed (§ 172.332*)
Markings
1
N
172.332(a)
Required ID markings displayed
Markings
1
N
172.334
Prohibited ID number marking
Markings
1
N
172.334(a)
ID # displayed on Class 7/Class 1/Dangerous or Subsidiary placard
Markings
1
N
172.334(b)(1)
Displaying wrong ID number on package, container, vehicle
Markings
1
N
172.334(d)
ID number on van with mixed HM load
Markings
1
N
172.334(f)
Failing to display orange ID number panel near required placard
Markings
1
N
172.334(g)
Prohibited ID number marking
Markings
1
N
172.336(b)
ID numbers not properly displayed
Markings
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-35
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.336(c)(1)
Failing to display ID numbers on compartment cargo tank in sequence
Markings
1
N
172.338
Carrier failed to replace missing ID number
Markings
1
N
172.400(a)
Package/containment not labeled as required
Markings
1
Y
172.400(a)(1)
No HM label on non-bulk package
Markings
1
N
172.400(a)(2)
No HM label on other bulk package
Markings
1
N
172.400(a)(3)
No HM label on portable tank
Markings
1
N
172.400(a)(4)
No HM label on specification 106/110 multi-unit tank car
Markings
1
N
172.400(a)(5)
No HM label on overpack, freight container, or unit load device
Markings
1
N
172.401
Prohibited labeling
Markings
1
N
172.401(a)(1)
Affixing label to a non-HM package or container
Markings
1
N
172.401(b)
Marking confused as HM label
Markings
1
N
172.402(a)
No label for subsidiary hazard
Markings
1
N
172.402(a)(1)
HM labeling
Markings
1
N
172.402(b)
Display of class number on label
Markings
1
N
172.402(c)
No "Cargo Aircraft Only" label
Markings
1
N
172.402(d)
Subsidiary labeling for radioactive materials
Markings
1
N
172.402(e)
Subsidiary labeling for class 1(explosive) materials
Markings
1
N
172.403(a)
Radioactive material label requirement
Markings
1
N
172.403(b)
Highest category label required
Markings
1
N
172.403(e)
Additional warning labels
Markings
1
N
172.403(f)
Radioactive material package—2 labels on opposite sides
Markings
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-36
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.403(g)
Failed to label radioactive material properly
Markings
1
N
172.403(g)(2)
Class 7 label – no activity/activity not in SI units
Markings
1
N
172.404(a)
Mixed package not properly labeled
Markings
1
N
172.404(b)
Failed to properly label consolidated package
Markings
1
N
172.406(a)(1)
Label placement not as required
Markings
1
N
172.406(a)(1)(i)
Improper label placement
Markings
1
N
172.406(c)
Multiple label placement not as required
Markings
1
N
172.406(d)
Label not on contrasting background or no border
Markings
1
N
172.406(e)
Failed to display duplicate label as required
Markings
1
N
172.406(e)(4)
Duplicate labeling on tanks <1,000 gallons
Markings
1
N
172.406(f)
Label obscured by marking or attachment
Markings
1
N
172.504(a)
Vehicle not placarded as required
Markings
1
Y
172.506(a)(1)
Placards not affixed to vehicle
Markings
1
Y
172.516(a)
Placard not visible from direction it faces
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(1)
Placard not securely affixed or attached
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(2)
Placard not clear of appurtenance
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(3)
Placard not clear of tire dirt
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(4)
Placard improper location
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(5)
Placard not reading horizontally
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(6)
Placard damaged, deteriorated, or obscured
Markings
1
Y
172.516(c)(7)
Placard not on contrasting background or border
Markings
1
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-37
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
172.516(d)
Placard holder obscures placard
Markings
1
N
172.519(a)(1)
Placard not weatherproof
Markings
1
N
172.519(b)(4)
Placard with non-spec placard
Markings
1
N
172.519(d)
Placard with non-spec placard
Markings
1
N
172.600(c)
Emergency Response (ER) information not available
Documentation
1
Y
172.600(c)(1)
No immediately available emergency response information
Documentation
1
Y
172.600(c)(2)
No emergency response information available to government agent
Documentation
1
Y
172.602(a)
Emergency response information missing
Documentation
1
Y
172.602(b)
Form and manner of emergency response information
Documentation
1
Y
172.602(b)(1)
Failing to have all required emergency response information in English
Documentation
1
Y
172.602(b)(2)
No emergency response information available away from HM package
Documentation
1
Y
172.602(c)(1)
Maintenance/accessibility of emergency response information
Documentation
1
Y
173.22a(a)
Transporting HM in exempt packages without holding exemption
HM Other
1
N
173.22a(b)
Transporting HM in exempt packages without holding exemption
Documentation
1
Y
173.24(b)(1)
Release of HM from package
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.25(c)
Failure to label and package poison properly, when transported with edible material
Markings
1
Y
173.29(a)
Empty package improper transportation
Cargo Protection
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-38
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
173.30
Loading/ unloading transport vehicles
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.32(a)
IM portable tank periodic testing
Package Integrity
2
N
173.32(g)(1)
Portable tank protrusion
Package Integrity
2
N
173.32(g)(2)
Improperly fitted pressure relief devices
Package Integrity
2
N
173.33(a)(1)
Cargo tank general requirements
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(a)(2)
Two or more HM in a cargo tank resulting in an unsafe condition
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(a)(3)
Specification cargo tank with past due retest/re-inspection date
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(b)(1)
HM in cargo tank which had dangerous reaction with cargo tank (§ 173.33(b)*)
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(b)(2)(iv)
HM in cargo tank which may corrode or react with tank material
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(b)(2)(v)
HM in cargo tank prohibited by 173.21 or 173.24
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.33(c)(2)
Cargo tank not marked with design or maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP)
Cargo Protection
1
N
173.33(e)
Transporting prohibited liquids in cargo tank piping
Cargo Protection
1
N
173.33(g)
No remote self-closing valve on 338 discharge opening
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.35(a)
Intermediate bulk container requirements
Package Integrity
2
Y
173.35(f)(2)
Intermediate bulk container (IBC) not secured to or within vehicle
Load Securement
10
Y
173.54
Forbidden explosives, offering or transporting
Fire Hazard
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-39
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
173.315(j)(3)
Residential gas tank not secure in transport
Fire Hazard
2
Y
173.315(j)(4)
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) storage tank overfilled for transport
Fire Hazard
2
N
173.315(j)(5)
Gas tank
Fire Hazard
2
N
173.315(n)(3)
No off-truck remote to close internal stop valve on cargo tank truck
Fire Hazard
2
Y
173.421(a)
Transporting limited quantity—radioactive material exceeds 0.5 millirem/hour
Cargo Protection
1
N
173.427(a)(6)
Exclusive use low specific activity (LSA) radioactive material not marked "Radioactive-LSA"
Markings
1
Y
173.427(a)(6)(iv)
No instructions for exclusive use packaging—low specific activity (§ 173.427(a)(iv)*)
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.427(a)(6)(vi)
Exclusive use low specific activity (LSA) radioactive material not marked "Radioactive-LSA" (§ 173.427(a)(vi)*)
Markings
1
Y
173.427(b)(5)
Bulk liquid low specific activity radioactive material in no-specification cargo tank
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.427(d)
Not packaged in accordance with 10 CFR, part 71
Cargo Protection
1
Y
173.441(a)
Exceeding radiation level limitations allowed for transport
Cargo Protection
1
N
173.448(a)
Radioactive material package not secured/shifting
Load Securement
10
Y
173.448(c)
Transporting package w/radioactive label w/passengers
Other Cargo
7
Y
173.448(g)
Radioactive material overpack consolidation required
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.801
Accepting/transporting HM not prepared properly
HM Other
1
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-40
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
177.802
Failing to allow inspection of HM shipment
HM Other
1
Y
177.817(a)
No shipping papers (carrier)
Documentation
1
Y
177.817(b)
Shipper certification missing (when required)
Documentation
1
N
177.817(e)
Shipping paper accessibility
Documentation
1
Y
177.817(e)(1)
Shipping paper accessibility
Documentation
1
Y
177.817(f)
Transporter fails to produce shipping paper in timely manner
Documentation
1
Y
177.823(a)
No placards/markings when required
Markings
1
N
177.834(a)
Package not secure in vehicle
Load Securement
10
Y
177.834(c)
Smoking while loading or unloading
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.834(e)
Parking brake not set while loading/unloading
Other Cargo
7
Y
177.834(f)
Using a tool likely to cause damage to the closure of any package or container
Load Securement
10
Y
177.834(h)
Tampering with hazmat while in transit
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(i)
Attendance of cargo tank— (load or unload)
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(i)(2)
Attendance of cargo tank— (load or unload)
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(j)
Manholes and valves not closed or leak free
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(j)(1)
Transporting HM in cargo tank with open covers
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(j)(2)
Transporting Class 3 material in cargo tank w/o without manholes closed and secured
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(l)(1)
Prohibited cargo heaters-class 1
Cargo Protection
1
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-41
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
177.834(l)(2)
Prohibited cargo heaters-class 3 or division 2.1
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.834(m)(1)
Securing specification 106a or 110a tanks
Cargo Protection
1
N
177.834(n)
Improper loading—specification 56, 57, IM101 and IM102
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.835(a)
Loading/Unloading Class 1 with engine running
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.835(b)
Loading/Unloading Class 1 explosive in unsafe manner
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.835(c)
Transporting Class 1 in combination vehicles
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.835(e)
Transporting class 1 explosive in vehicle with sharp projections
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.835(f)
Transporting Division 1.1-1.3 (explosive) with floor unlined or not tight
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.835(g)
Transporting detonator or primer with division 1.1 - 1.4, blast agent, detonator cord
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.835(h)
Transporting. Class 1 explosive in vehicle not covered or tailgate open
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.835(i)
Improper transport of explosives (class 1)
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.835(j)
Transfer of Class 1 materials en route
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.837(a)
Failing to stop engine to load/unload class 3
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.837(c)
Cargo tanks not properly bonded/grounded
Cargo Protection
1
N
177.837(d)
Improper unloading of combustible liquids
Cargo Protection
1
N
177.838
Improper transport of class 4, 5 or division 4.2
Fire Hazard
2
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-42
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
177.839(a)
Improper transporting of nitric acid
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.839(b)
Improper loading of storage batteries
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840
Improper transport of class 2
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.840(a)(1)
Cylinder securement in upright position (4L)
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(g)
Discharge valve not closed in transit class 2
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(l)
No written emergency discharge procedures — compressed gas
Documentation
1
Y
177.840(m)
Unloading liquefied compressed gas with bad piping
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(n)
Not promptly shutting down after unintentional release
Fire Hazard
2
Y
177.840(o)
Fail to test off-truck remote shutoff device
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(p)
Not attending cargo tank unloading liquefied petroleum gas/ammonia — metered service
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(q)
Not attending cargo tank unloading liquefied petroleum gas/ammonia — metered service
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(s)
Fail to possess remote shutoff when unloading
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.840(t)
Not in arms reach of means to close valve unloading cargo tank without emergency equipment.
Cargo Protection
1
Y
177.841(e)
Poison label loaded with foodstuffs
HM Other
1
Y
177.842(a)
Total transport index exceeds 50— non-exclusive use
HM Other
1
N
177.842(b)
Distance from package to person—radioactive material
HM Other
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-43
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
177.842(d)
Blocking and bracing of radioactive material packages
HM Other
1
Y
177.843(a)
Failing to survey radioactive material vehicle after each use
HM Other
1
N
177.843(b)
Violation of "radioactive material only" vehicle marking
Markings
1
N
177.848(d)
Prohibited load/transport/storage combination
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.848(e)(3)
Prohibited loading combination
Fire Hazard
2
N
177.848(f)
Class 1 load separation or segregation
HM Other
1
N
177.854(d)(2)
Damaged container not repaired as required
Cargo Protection
1
N
177.870(c)
Transporting class 1 explosive in passenger space of vehicle
Other Cargo
7
Y
178.2(a)(2)
Improper packaging
Package Integrity
2
N
178.2(c)
Package notification
Package Integrity
2
N
178.3(a)(4)
Improper size letters on markings
Package Integrity
2
N
178.245-4
DOT51 integrity and securement
Package Integrity
2
N
178.245-5
DOT51 valve protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.245-6
DOT51 ID plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.245-6(a)
DOT51 name plate markings
Package Integrity
2
N
178.245-6(b)
Tank outlets not marked
Package Integrity
2
N
178.251
General design/construction DOT 56 (§178.252) DOT 57 (§178.253)
Package Integrity
2
N
178.251-4
DOT 56/57 integrity and securement
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-44
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.251-7
DOT 56/57 ID plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.251-7(b)
DOT 56/57 spec markings
Package Integrity
2
N
178.253-2
DOT 57 manhole
Package Integrity
2
N
178.255-4
DOT 60 manhole
Package Integrity
2
N
178.255-7
DOT 60 valve protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.255-14
DOT 60 ID plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-1
IM101/102 general design
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-11(d)(1)
IM101/102 pressure relief
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-13
IM101/102 testing
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-14
IM101/102 spec plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-4
Structural integrity
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-6
IM 101/102 frames
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-8
IM101/102 valve protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.270-9
IM101/102 manholes
Package Integrity
2
N
178.336-10
Protecting of fittings MC330
Package Integrity
2
N
178.336-13
Anchoring of tank MC330
Package Integrity
2
N
178.336-17
Metal ID plate marking MC330
Package Integrity
2
N
178.336-17(a)
Certification plate MC330
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-45
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.336-9(a)
Safety relief devices MC330
Package Integrity
2
N
178.336-9(c)
Marking of inlets/outlets MC330
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-1(d)
Reflective design
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-8(a)
Outlets general requirements MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-8(a)(2)
Outlets MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-8(a)(3)
Internal or back flow valve MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-8(a)(4)
Outlets MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-8(a)(4)(i)
Remote closure device greater than 3500 gallons MC331
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.337-8(a)(4)(ii)
Remote closure device less than 3500 gallons MC331
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.337-9(a)
Pressure relief devices MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-9(c)
Marking inlets/outlets MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-10(a)
Protection of fittings MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-10(c)
Rear end protection MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-10(d)
Rear end protection MC331
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-11(a)
Emergency discharge control equipment (§ 173.315(n)*)
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-11(b)
Shut off valves MC331
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.337-13
MC331 supports and anchoring
Package Integrity
2
N
178.337-17(a)
Metal ID plate missing MC331
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-46
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.338-6
Manhole MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-8
Pressure relief devices MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-10(a)
Protection of fittings MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-10(c)
Rear end protection MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-10(d)
Ground clearance MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-11(b)
Manual shutoff valve MC338
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.338-11(c)
MC338, required remotely controlled self-closing shutoff valve missing
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-11(c)(2)
MC338 not equipped with fusible element
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.338-11(c)(2)(i)
Remote control greater than 3500 gallons MC338
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.338-11(c)(2)(ii)
Remote control 3500 gallons or less, MC338
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.338-12
Shear section MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-13
Supports and anchoring MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-18(a)
Name plate/Specification plate missing MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.338-18(b)
Specification plate missing MC338
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-10(b)
MC306/307/312 metal certification plate missing
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-6
MC306/307/312 supports and anchoring
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-7(a)
MC306/307/312 ring stiffeners
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-47
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.340-7(c)
MC306/307/312 double bulkhead drain
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-7(d)(2)
MC306/307/312 ring stiffener drain hole
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(a)
MC306/307/312 appurtenances attachment
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(b)
MC306/307/312 rearend protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(c)
MC306/307/312 overturn protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(d)
MC306/307/312 piping protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(d)(1)
MC306/307/312 piping protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.340-8(d)(2)
MC306/307/312 minimum road clearance
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-3(a)
MC306 no manhole closure
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-4
MC306 venting
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-4(d)(1)
MC306 inadequate emergency venting
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-4(d)(2)
MC306 pressure activated vents
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-4(d)(3)
MC306 no fusible venting
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-5
MC306 internal valves
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-5(a)
MC306 internal valves
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-5(a)(1)
MC306 heat actuated safety
Package Integrity
2
N
178.341-5(a)(2)
MC306 remote control shutoff
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.341-8(d)
MC306 protection shear
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-48
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.342-3
MC307 manhole closure
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.342-4
MC307 venting
Package Integrity
2
N
178.342-4(b)
Inadequate venting capacity
Package Integrity
2
N
178.342-5(a)
MC307 internal valve
Package Integrity
2
N
178.342-5(a)(1)
MC307 heat actuated safety
Package Integrity
2
N
178.342-5(a)(2)
MC307 remote control shutoff
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.343-3
Manhole closure MC312
Package Integrity
2
N
178.343-4
Venting MC312 (show calculations)
Package Integrity
2
N
178.343-5(a)
MC312 top outlet and valve
Package Integrity
2
N
178.343-5(b)(1)
MC312 bottom valve/piping protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-1(i)(2)
DOT 406, 407, 412 Obstructed double bulkhead drain/vent
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-5(a)
DOT406/407/412 manhole if required
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-5(d)
DOT406/407/412 manhole securement
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-5(e)
DOT406/407/412 manhole marking
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-6
DOT406/407/412 supports and anchoring
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-7(d)(4)
DOT406/407/412 ring stiffener drain
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-7(d)(5)
DOT406, 407, 412 ring stiffener types
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-8(a)
DOT406/407/412 accident protection
Package Integrity
2
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-49
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
178.345-8(a)(5)
DOT406/407/412 minimum road clearance
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-8(b)
DOT406/407/412 bottom damage protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-8(c)
DOT406/407/412 rollover damage protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-8(d)
DOT406/407/412 rear end protection
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-10
DOT406/407/412 pressure relief
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-11(b)
DOT406/407/412 tank valves
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-11(b)(1)
DOT406/407/412 remote control
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.345-11(b)(1)(i)
DOT406/407/412 remote control
Package Integrity
2
Y
178.345-11(b)(1)(iii)
DOT406/407/412 product-specific thermal missing/ineffective
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-14(b)
DOT406/407/412 name plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-14(c)
DOT406/407/412 specification plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.345-14(d)
DOT406, 407, 412 single name/specification plate
Package Integrity
2
N
178.703(a)
Intermediate bulk container (IBC) manufacturer markings
Package Integrity
2
N
178.703(b)
Intermediate bulk container additional markings
Package Integrity
2
N
178.704(e)
Intermediate bulk container bottom discharge valve protection
Package Integrity
2
N
180.205(c)
Periodic re-qualification of cylinders
Package Testing
1
N
180.213(d)
Re-qualification markings
Package Testing
1
N FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-50
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
180.352(b)
Intermediate bulk container retest or inspection
Package Testing
1
N
180.352(f)
Intermediate bulk container retest date marking
Package Testing
1
N
180.405(a)
Unauthorized cargo tank used to transport HM
Package Testing
1
N
180.405(b)
Cargo tank specifications
Package Testing
1
N
180.405(g)
Failing to equip a cargo tank w/ manhole assembly
Package Testing
1
N
180.405(j)
Certification withdrawal (failed to remove/cover/obliterate spec plate)
Package Testing
1
N
180.407(a)(1)
Cargo tank periodic test and inspection
Package Testing
1
N
180.407(b)(1)
Using tank not retested after showing evidence of unsafe condition.
Package Testing
1
N
180.407(b)(2)
Using tank not retested after accident and damage
Package Testing
1
N
180.407(c)
Failing to periodically test and inspect cargo tank
Package Testing
1
N
180.415(b)
Cargo tank test or inspection markings
Package Testing
1
N
180.416(f)(2)
Fail to mark new/repaired delivery hose with month/year of pressure test
Package Testing
1
Y
180.605(a)
Periodic testing of portable tanks
Package Testing
1
N
180.605(c)
Portable tank retest schedule (out of date)
Package Testing
1
N
180.605(k)
Test date marking
Package Testing
1
N
385.403
No HM Safety Permit
Documentation
1
Y
392.2
Size and weight (§ 392.2W*)
Other Cargo
7
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-51
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
392.9(a)
Failing to secure load (§ 392.9*)
Load Securement
10
Y
392.9(a)
Failing to secure load
Load Securement
10
Y
392.9(a)(1)
Failing to secure cargo/§§ 393.100-393.136
Load Securement
10
Y
392.9(a)(2)
Failing to secure vehicle equipment
Load Securement
10
Y
392.9(a)(3)
Driver's view/movement is obstructed
Other Cargo
7
Y
392.9(b)(2)
Inspect cargo within 50 miles of start
Load Securement
10
Y
392.9(b)(3)
Reexamine cargo and load securement devices during transportation
Load Securement
10
Y
392.62(c)(1)
Bus — baggage/freight restricts driver operation
Load Securement
10
Y
392.62(c)(2)
Bus — Exit(s) obstructed by baggage/freight
Load Securement
10
Y
392.62(c)(3)
Passengers not protected from falling baggage
Load Securement
10
Y
392.63
Pushing/towing a loaded bus
Other Cargo
7
Y
393.71(b)(3)
Improper weight distribution drive-away/tow-away
Other Cargo
7
Y
393.87(a)
Warning flag required on projecting load (§ 393.87*)
Other Cargo
7
Y
393.87(a)
Warning flag required on projecting load
Other Cargo
7
Y
393.87(b)
Improper warning flag placement
Other Cargo
7
Y
393.100(b)
Leaking/spilling/blowing/falling cargo
Load Securement
10
Y
393.100(c)
Failure to prevent cargo shifting (§ 393.100*)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.100(c)
Failure to prevent cargo shifting (§ 393.100(a)*)
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-52
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.100(c)
Failure to prevent cargo shifting
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(a)
Improper securement system (tiedown assemblies)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(a)(1)(i)
Insufficient means to prevent forward movement (§ 393.102(a)(1)*)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(a)(1)(ii)
Insufficient means to prevent rearward movement (§ 393.102(a)(1)*)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(a)(1)(iii)
Insufficient means to prevent lateral movement (§ 393.102(a)(1)* and 393.102(a)(3)*)†
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(a)(2)
Tiedown assembly with inadequate working load limit
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(b)
Insufficient means to prevent vertical movement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.102(c)
No equivalent means of securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(a)
Inadequate/damaged securement device/system
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(b)
Damaged securement system/tiedowns
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(c)
Damaged vehicle structures/anchor points
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(d)
Damaged Dunnage/bars/blocking-bracing
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(f)(1)
Knotted tiedown
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(f)(2)
Use of tiedown with improper repair.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(f)(3)
Loose/unfastened tiedown.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.104(f)(4)
No edge protection for tiedowns
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-53
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.106(b)
Cargo not immobilized or secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.106(c)(1)
No means to prevent cargo from rolling
Load Securement
10
Y
393.106(c)(2)
Cargo without direct contact/prevention from shifting
Load Securement
10
Y
393.106(d)
Insufficient aggregate working load limit
Load Securement
10
Y
393.110(a)
Failing to meet minimum tiedown requirements (§ 393.110*)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.110(a)
Failing to meet minimum tiedown requirements
Load Securement
10
Y
393.110(b)
Insufficient tiedowns; without headerboard/blocking
Load Securement
10
Y
393.110(c)
Insufficient tiedowns; with headerboard/blocking
Load Securement
10
Y
393.110(d)
Large/odd-shaped cargo not adequately secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.112
Tiedown not adjustable by driver
Load Securement
10
Y
393.114
No/improper front end structure
Load Securement
10
Y
393.114(b)(1)
Insufficient height for front-end structure
Load Securement
10
Y
393.114(b)(2)
Insufficient width for front-end structure
Load Securement
10
Y
393.114(d)
Front-end structure with large opening(s)
Load Securement
10
Y
393.116
No/improper securement of logs
Load Securement
10
Y
393.116(d)(1)
Short; over 1/3 length past structure
Load Securement
10
Y
393.116(d)(2)
Short, insufficient/no tiedowns
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-54
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.116(d)(3)
Short, tiedowns improperly positioned
Load Securement
10
Y
393.116(d)(4)
Short, no center stakes/high log not secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.116(e)
Short, length; improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.118
No/improper lumber/building materials. securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.118(b)
Improper placement of bundles
Load Securement
10
Y
393.118(d)
Insufficient protection against lateral movement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.118(d)(3)
Insufficient/improper arrangement of tiedowns
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120
No/improper securement of metal coils
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(b)(1)
Coil/vertical improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(b)(2)
Coils, rows, eyes vertical; improper secure.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(c)(1)
Coil/eye crosswise improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(c)(2)
X-pattern on coil(s) with eyes crosswise
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(d)(1)
Coil with eye lengthwise—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(d)(4)
Coils, rows, eyes length—improper securement.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.120(e)
No protection against shifting/tipping
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122
No/improper securement of paper rolls
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(b)
Rolls vertical—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-55
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.122(c)
Rolls vertical /split—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(d)
Rolls vertical /stacked—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(e)
Rolls crosswise—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(f)
Rolls crosswise/stacked load—improperly secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(g)
Rolls length—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(h)
Rolls lengthwise/stacked—improper securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.122(i)
Improper securement—rolls on flatbed/curb-side
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124
No/improper securement of concrete pipe
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124(b)
Insufficient working load limit—concrete pipes
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124(c)
Improper blocking of concrete pipe
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124(d)
Improper arrangement of concrete pipe
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124(e)
Improper securement, up to 45 in. diameter
Load Securement
10
Y
393.124(f)
Improper securement, greater than 45 inch diameter
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126
Fail to ensure intermodal container secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(b)
Damaged/missing tiedown/securement device
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(c)(1)
Lower corners not on vehicle/structure
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(c)(2)
All corners of chassis not secured
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-56
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.126(c)(3)
Front and rear not secured independently
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(d)(1)
Empty container not properly positioned
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(d)(2)
Empty container, more than 5 foot overhang
Load Securement
10
Y
393.126(d)(4)
Empty container—not properly secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.128
No/improper securement of vehicles
Load Securement
10
Y
393.128(b)(1)
Vehicle not secured—front and rear
Load Securement
10
Y
393.128(b)(2)
Tiedown(s) not affixed to mounting points.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.128(b)(3)
Tiedown(s) not over/around wheels.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.130
No/improper heavy vehicle/machine securement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.130(b)
Item not properly prepared for transport
Load Securement
10
Y
393.130(c)
Improper restraint/securement of item
Load Securement
10
Y
393.132
No/improper securement of crushed vehicles
Load Securement
10
Y
393.132(b)
Prohibited use of synthetic webbing.
Load Securement
10
Y
393.132(c)
Insufficient tiedowns per stack cars
Load Securement
10
Y
393.132(c)(5)
Insufficient means to retain loose parts
Load Securement
10
Y
393.134
No/improper securement of roll/hook container
Load Securement
10
Y
393.134(b)(1)
No blocking against forward movement
Load Securement
10
Y
393.134(b)(2)
Container not secured to front of vehicle
Load Securement
10
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-57
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
393.134(b)(3)
Rear of container not properly secured
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136
No/improper securement of large boulders
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136(b)
Improper placement/positioning for boulder
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136(c)(1)
Boulder not secured with chain
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136(d)
Improper securement—cubic boulder
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136(e)
Improper securement—non-cubic boulder with base
Load Securement
10
Y
393.136(f)
Improper securement—non-cubic boulder without base
Load Securement
10
Y
397.1(a)
Driver/carrier must obey part 397
HM Other
1
Y
397.1(b)
Failing to require employees to know/obey part 397
HM Other
1
Y
397.2
Must comply with rules in parts 390-397—transporting HM
HM Other
1
Y
397.7(a)
Improperly parked explosives vehicle
Fire Hazard
2
Y
397.7(b)
Improperly parked HM vehicle
Fire Hazard
2
Y
397.11(a)
HM vehicle operated near open fire
Fire Hazard
2
Y
397.11(b)
HM vehicle parked within 300 feet of fire
Fire Hazard
2
Y
397.15
HM vehicle fueling violation
Fire Hazard
2
Y
397.17
No tire examination on HM vehicle
HM Other
1
Y
397.17(a)
Failing to examine tires of HM vehicle at required intervals
HM Other
1
Y
397.17(b)
Operating HM vehicle with flat/leaking/improperly inflated tire
HM Other
1
Y
397.17(c)
Operating HM vehicle with overheated tire
Fire Hazard
2
Y FMC-CSA-09-005
March 2010 A-58
Table 6. CSMS Cargo-Related BASIC Violations 15 Section Violation Description Shown on Driver/Vehicle Examination Report Given to CMV Driver after Roadside Inspection Violation Group Description Violation Severity Weight16 Violation in the DSMS (Y/N) Violations marked with an asterisk (*) will be shown on the Driver/Vehicle Examination Report provided to the driver after a roadside inspection.
397.19
No instructions/documents when transporting Division 1.1/1.2/1.3 (explosive) materials
Documentation
1
Y
397.19(c)
Required documents not in possession—explosive materials
Documentation
1
Y
397.67
HM vehicle routing violation (non-radioactive materials)
HM Route
1
Y
397.67(d)
Failing to prepare written route plan for explosives
HM Route
1
N
397.101(b)
Radioactive materials vehicle not on preferred route
HM Route
1
Y
397.101(d)
No or incomplete route plan—radioactive materials
HM Route
1
Y
397.101(e)(2)
Driver not in possession of training certificate
HM Route
1
Y
397.101(e)(3)
Driver not in possession of written route plan
HM Route
1
Y
FMC-CSA-09-005

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